Ubuncwane benkcubeko yaseTshayina – uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon
IUmnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon BoatI-l, eyaziwa ngokuba yiDuan Yang Festival, iDragon Boat Festival, kunye neChong Wu Festival, yenye yezona mikhosi zibalulekileyo zemveli zesizwe saseTshayina. Idla ngokubhiyozelwa ngomhla wesihlanu wenyanga yesihlanu minyaka le. Ngowama-2009, i-UNESCO yadwelisa iDragon Boat Festival njengelifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba lo mnyhadala awungowaseTshayina kuphela, kodwa ukwangowobutyebi benkcubeko obuxabisekileyo boluntu lonke. IDragon Boat Festival inembali ende kwaye idibanisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zenkcubeko ezifana nokuzinikela, isikhumbuzo, intsikelelo, kunye nokugcinwa kwempilo, nto leyo ebonisa umoya wemveli otyebileyo nonzulu wesizwe saseTshayina.
1. Imvelaphi yomthendeleko: ukukhumbula iQu Yuan nokubonakalisa intlungu
Eyona ntetho isasazwa kakhulu malunga nemvelaphi yeDragon Boat Festival kukukhumbulaQu Yuan
, imbongi enkulu yokuthanda ilizwe kwiLizwe laseChu ngexesha leMfazwe yaMazwe. UQu Yuan wayethembekile kumlawuli kwaye ethanda ilizwe ubomi bakhe bonke, kodwa wagxothwa ngenxa yokunyeliswa. Xa iLizwe laseChu latshatyalaliswa, waba buhlungu kakhulu kuba ilizwe lakhe laphukile kwaye abantu bahlukene, waza wazibulala ngokutsiba eMlambo iMiluo ngomhla wesihlanu wenyanga yesihlanu. Abantu basekuhlaleni baba buhlungu kakhulu xa besiva ezi ndaba, baza bakhwela iinqanawa ukuze basindise umzimba wakhe baza baphosa amadombolo erayisi emlanjeni ukuthintela iintlanzi kunye neeshrimp ukuba zingatyi umzimba wakhe. Le ntsomi idluliselwe kangangeminyaka engamawaka kwaye iye yaba luphawu oluphambili lwenkcubeko yeDragon Boat Festival - umoya wokuthembeka kunye nokuthanda ilizwe.
Ukongeza, uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon ungabandakanya nesiko lakudala lasehlotyeni "lokugxotha ityhefu nokuphepha imimoya emibi". Inyanga yesihlanu kwikhalenda yenyanga ibizwa ngokuba "yinyanga embi". Abantu bamandulo babekholelwa ukuba izifo ezibulalayo nezinambuzane ezinobuthi zazixhaphakile ngeli xesha, ngoko babekhupha imimoya emibi baze baphephe iintlekele ngokufaka i-mugwort, ukuxhoma i-calamus, ukusela iwayini ye-realgar, nokunxiba iipakethi, nto leyo ebonisa uxolo nempilo.
2. Amasiko omnyhadala: ubulumko obugxile kubomi benkcubeko
Amasiko emveli eDragon Boat Festival atyebile kwaye anemibala, adluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, kwaye asamile nzulu ezintliziyweni zabantu.
Ugqatso lweeBhoti zeDragoni
UMdyarho weeNqanawa zeDragon ungomnye wemisebenzi emele kakhulu uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon, ngakumbi kwiidolophu zamanzi zaseJiangnan, eGuangdong, eTaiwan nakwezinye iindawo. Abantu abakhwela iinqanawa zeedragoni ezimile kakuhle emilanjeni, emachibini naselwandle akusisikhumbuzo nje sokuzibulala kukaQu Yuan, kodwa kukwaluphawu lwenkcubeko yentsebenziswano edibeneyo kunye nomoya wokulwa ngenkalipho. Umdyarho weenqanawa zeedragoni wanamhlanje uphuhlile waba ngumsitho wezemidlalo wamazwe ngamazwe, usasaza amandla okomoya obunye besizwe saseTshayina, intsebenziswano kunye nokulwela inkqubela phambili.
Ukutya iZongzi
I-Zongzi kukutya kwendabuko kwiDragon Boat Festival. Yenziwe ngerayisi etyebileyo egqunywe ngeedati ezibomvu, ipeyinti yeembotyi, inyama entsha, iqanda kunye nezinye izinto ezizaliswayo, isongwe ngamagqabi e-zong ize iphekwe ngomphunga. I-Zongzi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ineencasa ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, uninzi lwazo lumnandi emantla, ngelixa zinetyuwa emazantsi. Ukutya i-Zongzi akwanelisi nje kuphela incasa, kodwa kukwagcina abantu bekhumbula i-Qu Yuan kunye noxabiso lwabo lobomi bokudibana kwakhona.
Ndixhoma i-mugwort kwaye ndinxibe iipakethi
Ngexesha leDragon Boat Festival, abantu badla ngokufaka i-mugwort kunye ne-calamus emnyango, oko kuthetha ukugxotha imimoya emibi nokuphepha iintlekele, ukucoca nokuphelisa isifo esibulalayo. Ukunxiba iipakethi nako kuthandwa kakhulu. Ezi pakethi ziqulathe iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqholo okanye amayeza emifuno aseTshayina, angenakugxotha izinambuzane nokuthintela izifo kuphela, kodwa anentsingiselo entle. La masiko abonisa ubulumko bamandulo bokulandela indalo nokukhuthaza impilo.
Ukuxhoma imisonto yesilika enemibala kunye nokubopha iintambo ezintlanu ezinobuthi
Izandla zabantwana, amaqatha, neentamo zabo zibotshelelwe ngemisonto yesilika enemibala, ebizwa ngokuba “ziintambo ezinemibala emihlanu” okanye “iintambo zobude bexesha elide”, ezifanekisela ukugxotha imimoya emibi nokuthandazela iintsikelelo, uxolo nempilo.
3. Ixabiso leNkcubeko: Iimvakalelo zoSapho nezeLizwe kunye neNkxaso yoBomi
UMnyhadala weDragon Boat awupheleli nje ekubhiyozeleni umnyhadala, kodwa ukwalilifa lomoya wenkcubeko. Awupheleli nje ekukhumbuleni ukuthembeka nokuthembeka kukaQu Yuan, kodwa ukwabonakalisa neminqweno emihle yabantu yempilo noxolo. Ekuhlanganiseni "umnyhadala" kunye "nesithethe", iimvakalelo zosapho kunye nelizwe laseTshayina, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nobulumko bendalo zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Kwintlalo yanamhlanje, uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon yintambo yobuntu benkcubeko kunye nomanyano lweemvakalelo. Nokuba kusezidolophini okanye kwiilali, nokuba kukwiindawo zaseTshayina zasekhaya okanye zaphesheya, uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon ngumzuzu obalulekileyo wokudibanisa iintliziyo zabantu baseTshayina. Ngokwenza iidumpling zerayisi ngesandla, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidyarho yeenqanawa zedragoni okanye ukubalisa amabali kaQu Yuan, abantu abaqhubeki nje kuphela nesiko, kodwa baphinda baphile ubuntu benkcubeko kunye namandla okomoya asekelwe egazini lesizwe saseTshayina.
4. Isiphelo
UMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon, umnyhadala wesintu othatha amawaka eminyaka, yiparele yenkcubeko ekhazimlayo kwimbali ende yesizwe saseTshayina. Asingomnyhadala nje kuphela, kodwa sikwalilifa lokomoya namandla enkcubeko. Kwixesha elitsha, uMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon uvuselele amandla, kwaye usikhumbuze ukuba sixabise inkcubeko, sihloniphe imbali, kwaye sizuze umoya. Masikhusele, phakathi kwevumba leedumpling zerayisi kunye nesandi seegubhu, kunye ukuzikhusela kwinkcubeko kunye nekhaya lokomoya lesizwe saseTshayina.