Imfihlo yepowder eluhlaza yesilicon carbide ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo
Abo basebenze kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo bayazi ukuba kunzima ngakumbi ukudibanisa iingenelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kwisitya esilungileyo kunokudibanisa ubudlelwane phakathi komamazala nomolokazana. Kodwa ukusukela oko kwavelaumgubo we-silicon carbide oluhlaza, "isinongo somlingo", isangqa sezinto ezidityanisiweyo sivule ngokuthe ngqo "imo yokuvula". Namhlanje, masityhile esi sigqubuthelo singaqondakaliyo size sibone indlela le nqwaba yomgubo oluhlaza enokwenza ngayo iingcali ezizingcayo ezifana ne-carbon fiber kunye neeseramikhi zithobele.
1. “Iqhawe elinobukroti obunemiqolo emihlanu”
Umgubo we-carbon carbide eluhlaza uzalwa "ngumgubo wamaphupha" wezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ubunzima be-Mohs buyi-9.5, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya ube mbi kakhulu kunedayimani. Umzi-mveliso we-brake pad eGuangdong wenze uthelekiso. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezixutywe ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza engama-20% zinomlinganiselo wokumelana nokuguguleka ophindwe kathathu kunezixhobo zemveli. Umlawuli weworkshop uLao Huang wachukumisa isampuli waza wabubula wathi: “Ngalo bunzima, awunakushiya nelimdaka emva kokuyihlikihla ngephepha lesanti kangangesiqingatha seyure!”
Ukuqhuba kobushushu kuyamangalisa nangakumbi. I-Shandong Research Institute ilinganise idatha yaza yafumanisa ukuba ukuqhubela kobushushu kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisekwe kwi-aluminium ezine-15% ye-silicon carbide eluhlaza kunyuke kwaya kwi-220W/(m·K), enamandla ngama-30% kune-aluminium ecocekileyo. Ingcali uXiao Liu yajonga umfanekiso we-thermal yaza yathi: “Olu buchule bokusasaza ubushushu bufana nokufaka inkqubo yokupholisa amanzi kwi-CPU!”
Uzinzo lweekhemikhali luhluke nangakumbi. Kuvavanyo lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zombhobho weekhemikhali eNingbo, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zesilicon carbide eluhlaza zacwiliswa kwi-sulfuric acid exineneyo kangangesiqingatha sonyaka, kwaye izinga lokunciphisa ubunzima lalingaphantsi kwe-0.3%. Umhloli womgangatho uLao Wang waphakamisa isampuli waza waqhayisa wathi: “Oku kuxhathisa ukugqwala, kwanesithando sikaTaishang Laojun se-alchemy kufuneka sidlule kwicuba!”
2. "Umzuzu womlingo" wenkqubo yokudibanisa
Itekhnoloji yokusasaza ngoku ilungile kakhulu. Inkampani eseJiangsu ivelise indibaniselwano ye-"ultrasound + ball milling", esasaza i-micropowder ngokulinganayo kuneeperile ezikwiti yobisi. UMaster Lao Li uphakamise ifoto ye-electron microscope waza waqhayisa wathi: “Khangela olu xinano lokusasaza, iimbovane ziya kulahleka ukuba ziya kunyuka!”
Itekhnoloji emnyama yokudibanisa i-interface inamandla ngakumbi. I-arhente ye-nano-coupling eyenziwe yilebhu eShanghai yonyuse amandla okubopha phakathi kwe-micropowder kunye ne-matrix ukuya kwi-150MPa. Inkokeli yeprojekthi yaphakamisa iiglasi zayo yathi: “Kwixesha lokugqibela senza uvavanyo lokucheba, isixhobo sasikhubazekile, kodwa izinto ezidityanisiweyo azizange zihlukane!”
3. "Gqamisa indawo" yovavanyo lokwenyani lokulwa
Ishishini leenqwelo moya belisoloko liphambene ixesha elide. Iibhleyidi zeturbine zefektri ethile yeenjini zeenqwelo moya eChengdu ziyasetyenziswai-silicon carbide eluhlazaukuqinisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisekwe kwi-ceramic, kwaye ukumelana nobushushu kufikelele ngqo kwi-1600℃. Umqhubi wovavanyo uLao Zhang ujonge kwideshibhodi waza wawa amathe: “Ngalo msebenzi, iinjini zejethi kufuneka zibize utata!”
Ibhrakhethi yebhetri yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla inomdla nangakumbi. Ibhrakhethi ye-carbon fiber composite yomenzi eNingde inamandla athile aphindwe kasibhozo kunentsimbi emva kokuba ixutywe ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza. Ngexesha lovavanyo lokungqubana, injineli yokhuseleko uLao Li wabetha ucango lwemoto waza wahleka: “Ngoku lo mzimba wemoto ufana nokunxiba iileya ezintathu zeevesti ezikhusela iimbumbulu!”
Intsimi yezitshisi zobushushu zesikhululo se-5G iphambene. Irediyetha edityanisiweyo esekwe kwi-aluminium yomenzi eHangzhou inomlinganiselo wokwandisa ubushushu olawulwa ukuya kwi-4.8×10⁻⁶/℃. Umlawuli wezobugcisa walatha idatha yovavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu waza waqhayisa wathi: “Ingalungiswa ukusuka kwi--50℃ ukuya kwi-200℃, kwaye utshintsho lobungakanani lubi kakhulu kuneVirgo!”
4, "Ixesha elide" kwiakhawunti yeendleko
Musa ukujonga ixabiso eliphezulu leyunithii-micropowder eluhlaza ye-silicon carbide, ngokuqinisekileyo kunenzuzo xa ubala iakhawunti iyonke. Umzi-mveliso woomatshini eChongqing wenze i-accounting: nangona iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza zinyuke ngama-25%, ubomi bemveliso buphindwe kane, kwaye iindleko zokulungisa ezigcinwe kwiminyaka emithathu zanele ukwakha i-workshop entsha. Inkosikazi yezemali yacofa isixhobo sokubala yaza yahleka: “Eli shishini linenzuzo ngaphezu kokubolekisa ngemali mboleko!”
Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuyavuyisa nangakumbi ngasese. Ngokwemilinganiselo yokwenyani yomgca wemveliso ozenzekelayo eTianjin, ixesha lokulungisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo lifinyezwe ngama-40%. Umlawuli weworkshop wajonga kwiscreen esikhulu waza wabetha imilenze yakhe: “Ngoku amandla emveliso afana nokukhwela irokhethi, kwaye abathengi abaphazamisi xa becela iiodolo!”
I-micropowder ye-silicon carbide eluhlaza yanamhlanje ayiseyomveliso yengcamango kwilebhu. Ukusuka kwi-spacecraft ebhabha esibhakabhakeni ukuya kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla ezihamba emhlabeni, ukusuka kwiitships zefowuni eziphathwayo ezinobukhulu besundu ukuya kwiibhlawu zomoya ezinde kangangeemitha ezili-100, ikho kuyo yonke indawo. Amaqhawe kushishino athi le nto yenze umngxuma eluphahleni lokusebenza kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ngokoluvo lwam, oku akusiyo nje into yokuphucula izinto ezilula, kodwa "yindlela ende" kushishino lwanamhlanje. Ukuba le ndlela iyaqhubeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngenye imini iibhodi zethu zokusika ziya kufuneka zisebenzise obu buchwepheshe bumnyama - emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngubani ongafuni ukuba izixhobo zakhe zasekhitshini zibe kwinqanaba elifanayo nezixhobo zeenqwelo moya?