Nabani na okhe wasebenza kwindawo yokusebenzela yokuqhumisa isanti uyazi ukuba ukukhetha i-abrasive efanelekileyo kufana nogqirha wesintu waseTshayina onika amayeza - kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kunye nokudibanisa i-abrasive nomsebenzi othile. I-alumina emhlophe exutywe kakuhle, enobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, "ingumdlali obalaseleyo" kwihlabathi lokuqhumisa isanti. Nangona kunjalo, usenokungazi ukuba nangaphakathi kwe-abrasives emhlophe exutywe kakuhle, ubungakanani obahlukeneyo be-grit buvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale ngongoma ibonakala ilula kodwa inzima kakhulu yokwahlulahlula ubungakanani be-grit.
I. “Irhabaxa, iPhakathi, kwaye intle”: Inkqubo eSisiseko enamanqanaba amathathu
Iingcali ezinamava ekuqhumiseni isanti zihlala zahlulahlulai-alumina emhlophe exutyiweyoIibrasives zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ezirhabaxa, eziphakathi, nezicolekileyo. Olu hlulo luvakala lulula, kodwa lubonisa amashumi eminyaka yamava aqokelelweyo. I-grit erhabaxa ngokubanzi ibhekisa kuluhlu oluphakathi kwe-mesh ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-60 mesh. Kuthetha ukuthini oko? Kuthetha ukuba ububanzi be-particle buphakathi kwe-0.85 millimeters kunye ne-0.25 millimeters. Ukuba ubamba isandla, ungaziva ngokucacileyo ubume be-granular. Olu hlobo lwe-abrasive lunamandla amakhulu okuchukumisa kwaye lufanelekile kumsebenzi "onzima". Umzekelo, ukucoca ii-castings ezinkulu: umphezulu we-cast emva kokuthulula ugqunywe ngumaleko wesanti yokubumba kunye nesikali se-oxide, esinzima kakhulu kwaye sifuna impembelelo enamandla ye-grit erhabaxa. U-Old Zhang kwifektri yethu uhlala esithi, "Ukuze ujongane nezo ndawo 'zinenkani', kufuneka usebenzise i-grit erhabaxa, njengokusebenzisa i-steel wool pad ukuhlafuna imbiza."
Igrit ephakathi iphakathi kwe-80 mesh kunye ne-180 mesh (0.18 millimeters ukuya kwi-0.08 millimeters), kwaye yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu "yonke-rounder." Ukuyibiza ngokuthi "phakathi" akubhekiseli kuphela kubungakanani bayo begrit ephakathi kodwa nakwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngokuphakathi. Ayinawo "ubundlobongela" njengegrit erhabaxa okanye "ithambile" njengegrit ecolekileyo. Ukulungisa izakhiwo zentsimbi ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe, ukucoca nge-weld, kunye nokususa umhlwa kwezinye iindawo eziqhelekileyo, igrit ephakathi lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Ibonelela ngesiphumo sonyango olulinganayo lomphezulu, iqinisekisa ucoceko ngaphandle kokuvelisa uburhabaxa obukhulu bomphezulu. Igrit ecolekileyo iqala kwi-220 mesh kwaye ihambe kancinci nangakumbi. Olu hlobo lwe-abrasive lulungile kakhulu, luvakala njengomgubo xa uluchukumisa. Musa ukuluthatha kancinci ngenxa yobuhle balo; umsebenzi onzima uxhomekeke kulo. Ukucoca umphezulu we-castings echanekileyo, ukupolisha isikhunta, kunye nonyango lwezinye iindawo zokuhombisa eziphezulu, isanti ecolekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu. UMnu. Li, umphathi wegumbi lethu lokusebenzela ojongene nezixhobo ezichanekileyo, unesaci asithandayo esithi: “Isanti erhabaxa iyaphilisa isifo, isanti ecolekileyo iyayihombisa.” Oku kuwubonisa kakuhle lo mgaqo.
II. Imigangatho Yokubeka Amabakala: Okungaphezulu Koku “hluza” Nje
Xa kufikwa ekulinganisweni okuthile, abantu abaqhelekileyo banokucinga ukuba yinto nje yokusebenzisa izihluzo ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo be-mesh. Yiyo loo nto, kodwa akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Imigangatho yesizwe (GB/T) kunye nemigangatho yeshishini inemigaqo ecacileyo, efana nenkqubo yokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-F4 (enkulu kakhulu) ukuya kwi-F1200 (eyona ilungileyo). Uhlobo ngalunye luhambelana noluhlu oluqinileyo lokusasazwa kobukhulu be-particle. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, iingcali ezinamava nazo zigxininisa "ukufana." Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Kuthetha ukuba ii-particles ezikwingxowa enye yesanti kufuneka zibe nobukhulu obufanayo. Ukuba kukho zombini ii-particles ezirhabaxa nezincinci, isiphumo somphezulu emva kokuqhushumba asiyi kulingana. Intlabathi elungileyo kufuneka ibe ne-curve yokusasazwa kobukhulu be-particle, hayi ethe tyaba.
III. Imeko Ezifanelekileyo: Ubungakanani Obuhlukeneyo Beenxalenye Zemisebenzi Eyahlukeneyo
Isanti erhabaxa (20-60 mesh) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso enzima. Ngaphandle kokucoca i-castment okukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, iyimfuneko ekunyangweni komphezulu wezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ngaphambi kokupeyinta. Umzekelo, iibhulorho, iinqanawa, kunye neetanki zokugcina - ezi zakhiwo zikhulu zichatshazelwa zizinto unyaka wonke, kwaye iileya zazo ze-oxide yomphezulu ziqinile kwaye ziqinile. Isanti erhabaxa inokususa ngokukhawuleza iingubo ezindala kunye nomhlwa, iveze i-substrate yesinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isanti erhabaxa inamandla amakhulu okuchukumisa, ngoko ke akufuneki isetyenziswe kwisinyithi esincinci, kungenjalo inokonakala ngokulula. Safunda oku ngendlela enzima: ngesinye isihlandlo, sasebenzisa isanti ene-40-mesh ukunyanga ipleyiti yesinyithi enobukhulu obuyi-3mm, kwaye ipleyiti yagqibela ijongeka njengegagasi, yasinyanzela ukuba siyikrazule size siqale phantsi.
Isanti ephakathi (80-180 mesh) inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kwishishini leemoto, isetyenziselwa ukucoca iiphaneli zomzimba wemoto ngaphambi kokupeyinta; kwishishini leenqanawa zoxinzelelo, ukucoca ii-welds ngaphambi kokuba kubonwe iziphene; nakwimveliso yoomatshini ngokubanzi, ukulungelelanisa iindawo. Uphawu lwayo kukuguquguquka kwayo - inika iziphumo ezilungileyo zokucoca kwaye idala ipateni ye-anchor ephakathi (amaqhuma amancinci kunye nokudilika komphezulu), okuluncedo ekunamatheleni kwengubo. Umphathi wemveliso kumzi-mveliso wethu usebenzisa umzekelo ocacileyo: "Isanti ephakathi ifana nokupheka kwasekhaya - ayisiyonto icocekileyo, kodwa yeyona yanelisayo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu."
Isanti ecolekileyo (220 mesh nangaphezulu) igcinelwe ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Izixhobo ezichanekileyo kwishishini leenqwelo moya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nokugqunywa kwesanti kwiibhokisi zemveliso ze-elektroniki eziphezulu zonke zifuna isanti ecolekileyo. Ingalawula uburhabaxa bomphezulu (ixabiso leRa) ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu ngelixa ifikelela kwisiphelo esifanayo se-matte. Kunyaka ophelileyo, sigqunywe ngesanti kwiqela lezixhobo zotyando zenkampani yezixhobo zonyango sisebenzisa isanti ene-320-mesh. Iimfuneko zaziphezulu kangangokuba iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kwafuneka zihlolwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhanya, kungekho mikrwelo ibonakalayo okanye ukungalingani okuvunyelweyo. ULiu, umntu ophethe lo msebenzi, wayexinezelekile kangangokuba wayelahlekelwa ziinwele zakhe. “Oku akukokugqunywa kwesanti, oku kukuthungwa,” utshilo encumile.
IV. Ubugcisa bokukhetha iSand: Indibaniselwano yamava kunye nesayensi
Ukhetha njani ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bomhlaba xa usebenza? Oku kubandakanya ukubalwa kwesayensi kunye nokugweba okunamava. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Izinto eziqinileyo zingasebenzisa isanti erhabaxa, ngelixa izinto ezithambileyo (ezifanai-aluminiyamukunye nobhedu) zifuna isanti ecolekileyo. Okwesibini, cinga ngobukhulu bento yokusebenza; iziqwenga ezibhityileyo akufuneki zisebenzise isanti erhabaxa. Okwesithathu, cinga ngeemfuno zokugqibela zomphezulu. Kwizinto zokugquma, cinga ngobukhulu bento yokugquma; ngeenjongo zokuhombisa, cinga ngobuhle. Isebe lezobugcisa lomzi-mveliso wethu lishwankathele i-mnemonic elula: “Eqinileyo neqinileyo, sebenzisa erhabaxa; ethambileyo nebhityileyo, sebenzisa ecolekileyo; yokuhombisa, yenza ecolekileyo; yokuncamathelisa, khetha ephakathi necolekileyo.” Kodwa le mnemonic yindawo yokuqala; iiprojekthi ezithile zifuna uhlalutyo oluthile. Umzekelo, kwintsimbi engatyiwayo, ukuba yeyonyango lwangaphakathi lwezixhobo zeekhemikhali eludongeni, isanti ephakathi necolekileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca ngokukhawuleza; kodwa kwimishini yokutya, isanti ecolekileyo iyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukucocwa okulula kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
Iifektri ezininzi ngoku zikhuthaza "isanti enye, iinkcukacha enye," oko kuthetha ukusekwaukuqhuma kwesanti okufanelekileyoiprofayili yeparameter yemveliso nganye, kunye nokukhethwa kobukhulu begrit njengento ebalulekileyo. Ukumisela le profayili kuthatha ixesha, kufuna uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo, kodwa xa sele imiselwe, iba yimpahla exabisekileyo. Iprofayili esiyiphuhlisileyo yebhloko ethile yesilinda yenjini yemoto ibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-100-meshisanti emhlophe ye-corundum, kuxinzelelo lwe-0.5 MPa kunye nomgama we-200 mm, uburhabaxa bomphezulu buhlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokugquma. Olu lwazi lufunyenwe emva kovavanyo olungaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu. V. Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga Nezilumkiso Eziqhelekileyo
Abaqalayo badla ngokwenza iimpazamo ezininzi. Okokuqala yingcamango engafanelekanga yokuba "xa i-grit iqinile kokona kulungileyo," bekholelwa ukuba i-grit eqine kakhulu icoceka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, i-grit eqine kakhulu inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumphezulu, ifune ukulungiswa okulandelayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ichithe ixesha. Okwesibini kukuxuba iibhetshi ezahlukeneyo ze-grit, nto leyo engeyiyo imfuneko. Nokuba i-grit inenani elifanayo lebanga, ukusasazwa kobukhulu bee-particle kunokwahluka phakathi kweebhetshi, okukhokelela kwiziphumo zokulungiswa komphezulu okungalinganiyo. Okwesithathu kukungayinaki inani lezihlandlo i-grit ephinde yasetyenziswa. I-white corundum grit inokuphinda isetyenziswe izihlandlo ezininzi, kodwa ngokusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo, ii-particles ziba zi-round and fine kancinci, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca. Iingcali ezinamava zinokugweba ukuba i-grit ifuna ukutshintshwa sisandi kunye nombala womjelo we-grit.
Umphathi wethu weworkshop, u-Old Chang, uhlala esithi, “I-Grit ifana namajoni; kufuneka uqonde iimpawu zejoni ngalinye ukuze uphumelele idabi.” Le ngxelo ilula, kodwa inzulu. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kunokubonakala ngathi yiparameter elula yomzimba, kodwa kuqhagamshela kulwazi oluvela kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya isayensi yezinto, ubunjineli bomphezulu, kunye noomatshini bolwelo. Uluhlu lwe-white corundum grit, ukusuka kwi-coarse ukuya kwi-fine, lufana nesixhobo esipheleleyo. Ingcibi yokwenyani ayisebenzisi nje isixhobo esinye okanye ezibini, kodwa inokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo “isixhobo” esifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe “kwiimeko” ezahlukeneyo. Kule xesha apho umgangatho womphezulu ubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuqonda okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngobuchule kokwahlulwahlulwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kube sisakhono esibalulekileyo. Ayinabukhazikhazi, kodwa ichaphazela ngokwenene umgangatho wemveliso kunye nobomi bayo. Mhlawumbi le yenye yezo “zihluthulelo ezingabonakaliyo” kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.