Ngaba uyiqaphele indlela ukuprinta nge-3D okuye kwathandwa ngayo? Ukususela ekwenzeni nje izinto zokudlala zeplastiki ezincinci kunye neemodeli zengcamango kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, ngoku iyakwazi ukuprinta izindlu, amazinyo, kwanamalungu omzimba womntu! Uphuhliso lwayo lufana nerokethi.
Kodwa nangona idumile, ukuba ukuprinta kwe-3D ngokwenene kufuna ukuthatha ukhokelo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, akunakuxhomekeka kuphela kwi "persimmons ezithambileyo" ezifana neeplastiki kunye neeresini. Kulungile ukwenza iziqwenga zokubonisa, kodwa xa kufikwa ekwenzeni iindawo ezishushu kakhulu ezinokumelana neendawo ezishushu kakhulu, okanye izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezinamandla aphezulu, ezingagugiyo, izinto ezininzi azifaneleki ngoko nangoko.
Kulapho ke umlinganiswa wethu ophambili wenqaku lanamhlanje angena khona—umgubo we-alumina, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“corundum.” Le nto ayiguquki, ineempawu ezinzima ngokwemvelo: ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nobushushu obuhle kakhulu. Kwimizi-mveliso yendabuko, sele inamava kwizixhobo ezichasayo, izinto ezirhabaxa, izinto zodongwe, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ngoko ke umbuzo ngulo, loluphi uhlobo lwentlantsi oluya kuvela xa izinto zemveli, “eziqinileyo” zidibana nobuchwepheshe obuphambili “bokwenza izinto ngedijithali”? Impendulo yile: utshintsho oluzolileyo lwezinto luyaqhubeka.
Ⅰ. Kutheni i-alumina? Kutheni iphula isikhunta?
Masiqale sixoxe ngesizathu sokuba ushicilelo lwe-3D lungazange luthande izinto zeseramikhi ngaphambili. Cinga ngale nto: iiplastiki okanye iipowder zesinyithi kulula ukuzilawula xa zitshizwa okanye zikhutshwa kusetyenziswa iilaser. Kodwa iipowder zeseramikhi zibuthathaka kwaye kunzima ukuzinyibilikisa. Iilaser ezitshizwayo zize zizenze zinefestile yenkqubo encinci kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe nokuqhekeka nokuguquguquka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho isivuno esiphantsi kakhulu.
Ngoko ke i-alumina iyisombulula njani le ngxaki? Ayixhomekekanga kumandla angaqhelekanga, kodwa ixhomekeke “kubuchule.”
Eyona mpumelelo iphambili ikwinguqu edibeneyo yetekhnoloji yokuprinta ye-3D kunye neendlela zokwakha izinto. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bangoku, obufana ne-binder jetting kunye ne-sterolithography, busebenzisa "indlela yokujika."
Ukujija kwe-binder: Eli linyathelo elinobuchule kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli zokunyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo umgubo we-aluminium oxide nge-laser, le ndlela kuqala isebenzisa umaleko omncinci womgubo we-aluminium oxide. Emva koko, njengeprinta ye-inkjet echanekileyo, intloko yoshicilelo itshiza "iglu" ekhethekileyo kwindawo oyifunayo, ibopha umgubo kunye. Olu setyenziso lwe-powder kunye neglue lwomaleko lwomaleko ekugqibeleni luvelisa "umzimba oluhlaza" wokuqala, omile ngendlela ethile. Lo mzimba oluhlaza awukaqini, ngoko ke, njenge-ceramics, udlula "kubhaptizo lomlilo" lokugqibela kwisithando somlilo esishushu kakhulu—ukutshiza. Kuphela emva kokutshiza apho amasuntswana adibana ngokuqinileyo, efikelela kwiimpawu zoomatshini ezisondela kwezo ze-ceramics zemveli.
Oku kuthintela ngobuchule imingeni yokunyibilikisa i-ceramics ngokuthe ngqo. Kufana nokuqala ngokubumba inxalenye ngoshicilelo lwe-3D, uze uyizalise ngomphefumlo nangamandla usebenzisa iindlela zemveli.
II. Olu “vuthondaba” lubonakala phi ngokwenene? Intetho engenasenzo yintetho nje engenamsebenzi.
Ukuba uyibiza ngokuba yimpumelelo, kufuneka ukuba kukho ubuchule bokwenyani, akunjalo? Enyanisweni, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-aluminium oxide powder kwi-3D printing akusiyo nje "ukusuka ekuqaleni," kodwa ngokwenene "ukusuka kokulungileyo ukuya kokugqwesileyo," ukusombulula amanqaku amaninzi entlungu awayengenakusombululeka ngaphambili.
Okokuqala, isusa ingcamango "yobunzima" njengethetha "ukubiza kakhulu." Ngokwesiko, ukucubungula iiseramikhi ze-alumina, ezinje ngee-nozzles okanye ii-heat exchangers ezineendlela zokuhamba kwamanzi ezintsonkothileyo, kuxhomekeke ekwenzeni okanye ekubumbeni isikhunta, nto leyo ebiza kakhulu, ithatha ixesha, kwaye yenza ezinye izakhiwo zingakwazi ukwenziwa. Kodwa ngoku, ukuprinta kwe-3D kuvumela ukudalwa ngokuthe ngqo, "okungenasikhunta" kwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo onokuyila. Khawucinge ngecandelo leseramikhi ye-alumina elinesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-biomimetic honeycomb, esilula kakhulu kodwa esomeleleyo kakhulu. Kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, esi "sisixhobo somlingo" sokwenyani sokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza.
Okwesibini, ifezekisa "ukuhlanganiswa okugqibeleleyo komsebenzi kunye nemo." Ezinye iindawo zifuna zombini iijometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokufakelwa. Umzekelo, iingalo ze-ceramic bond ezisetyenziswa kwishishini le-semiconductor kufuneka zibe lula, zikwazi ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye zichasane ngokupheleleyo nokungagugi kwaye zingagugi. Oko kwakufuneka ngaphambili ukuba kudityaniswe iindawo ezininzi ngoku kunokuprintwa ngqo kwi-3D ukusuka kwi-alumina njengenxalenye enye, edibeneyo, iphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza.
Okwesithathu, kungenisa ixesha legolide lokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokwezifiso zakho. Oku kuyamangalisa kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango. Amathambo abantu ahluka kakhulu, kwaye ii-implants zamathambo ezenziweyo zangaphambili zazinobukhulu obumiselweyo, nto leyo enyanzela oogqirha ukuba bazenze ngexesha lotyando. Ngoku, kusetyenziswa idatha ye-CT scan evela kwisigulana, kunokwenzeka ukuprinta ngokuthe ngqo i-3D alumina ceramic implant enezimbobo ehambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nomzimba wesigulana. Olu lwakhiwo lwezimbobo alukhaphukhaphu kuphela kodwa luvumela iiseli zamathambo ukuba zikhulele kulo, zifezekisa "i-osseointegration" yokwenyani kwaye zenze i-implant ibe yinxalenye yomzimba. Olu hlobo lwesisombululo sezonyango esenziwe ngokwezifiso lwalungenakucingelwa ngaphambili.
Ⅲ. Ikamva lifikile, kodwa imingeni iyanda.
Kakade ke, asinakuthetha nje kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa komgubo we-alumina kwiprinta ye-3D kusafana "nento engaqhelekanga" ekhulayo, enokuba negalelo elikhulu kodwa ikwanazo nemingeni ethile yokufikisa.
Ixabiso lihlala liphezulu: Umgubo we-alumina ococekileyo kakhulu ofanelekileyo kushicilelo lwe-3D ubiza kakhulu. Ukongeza koko izixhobo zokuprinta ezikhethekileyo ezixabisa izigidi zeerandi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo yokusila elandelayo, kunye neendleko zokuprinta inxalenye ye-alumina zihlala ziphezulu.
Izithintelo zenkqubo ephezulu: Ukusuka ekulungiseleleni udaka kunye nokuseta iiparameter zokuprinta ukuya ekulawuleni i-debinding emva kokucubungula kunye ne-sintering curve, inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ubuchule obunzulu kunye nokuqokelelana kobuchwephesha. Iingxaki ezinje ngokuqhekeka, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokuncipha okungalinganiyo zinokuvela ngokulula.
Ukuhambelana kokusebenza: Ukuqinisekisa izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili ezihambelanayo ezifana namandla kunye noxinano kwibhetshi nganye yeenxalenye eziprintiweyo ngumqobo obalulekileyo kwizicelo ezinkulu.