Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeMveliso zeSand zeZirconia ezintsha
Xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zoshishino, abantu abaqhelekileyo banokuyifumana le nto ikruqula, kodwa eneneni kukho izinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo kuyo.i-zirconia, umzekelo. Ngaphambili, abantu babecinga ukuba isetyenziselwa izinto ezifana neemela zobumba kunye namazinyo okufakelwa, into eqinileyo nekhazimlayo. Kodwa kwabo babandakanyeka kuphando lwezixhobo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, iyigugu. Iimveliso ezintsha zesanti ye-zirconia ezivele kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukodwa, zisombulule iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kwaye zibonelela ngamathuba amahle okusetyenziswa.
Ndikhumbula ndisiya kumboniso weshishini kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo ndincokola nonjineli onamava owayesebenza kwizinto ezinganyangekiyo amashumi eminyaka. Wabetha ithanga lakhe wathi, “Hee, bhuti, awuqondi! Ishishini lokunyibilikisa ngoku libeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwizinto! Amaqondo obushushu aya enyuka, kwaye okusingqongileyo kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Izinto zemveli azikwazi ukumelana nazo. Thatha i-zirconia, umzekelo. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ilungile—imelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye izinzile kwiikhemikhali. Kodwa isanti ye-zirconia eveliswa ngeenkqubo zemveli ayinabo ubunyulu, ukufana kwamasuntswana aphantsi, okanye ukungazinzi. Ikwabiza kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa. Rhoqo, kufana nokuthi 'intando ikhona, amandla awekho.'”
Watsho wabetha entloko. Le yinjongo yokuqala yophando lwethu olutsha lwesanti ye-zirconia kunye nophuhliso—ayisiyiyo na ukoyisa le mingeni midala?
Ngoko ke, izinto ezintsha zifumaneka phi kanye kanye? Makhe ndichaze.
Okokuqala, "isiseko" kufuneka sitshintshe. I-zirconia yangaphambili yayinengxaki: isakhiwo sayo sekristale sasingazinzanga. Xa ubushushu butshintshatshintsha, yayinoku "lwa" ngaphakathi, idale imifantu emincinci. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukusebenza kwayo kuye kwehla. Indlela yethu entsha ibandakanya uhlengahlengiso olukhulu ekuqulunqweni nasekucutshungulweni. Ngokuzisa iziqinisi eziphucukileyo, ezifana ne-yttrium, ezidityaniswe neendlela zokutshisa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye neendlela zokutyumza nezokwahlulahlula ezintsonkothileyo, sifikelele kule mveliso imangalisayo: "i-zirconia ezizinzileyo kancinci." Ngamanye amazwi, kufana nokwakha "i-skeleton yentsimbi" ngaphakathi kwee-zirconia particles, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziqinile xa zifuneka kwaye zithambile xa zifuneka, ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezibuthathaka, ezonakala lula kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ubunyulu buyanda ngokuthe chu, kunye namanqanaba okungcola agcinwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu.
Okwesibini, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe inkangeleko kunye nemilo. Iintlabathi ze-zirconia ezintsha zigxininisa kakhulu kwinkangeleko—kungekuphela nje kwimincintiswano yobuhle, kodwa ngokwemo yeenxalenye kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani. Iinxalenye "ezirhabaxa" ezazikade zikho ngaphambili, ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo, zaziyintlekele ekusetyenzisweni ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoku, ngeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokusila komoya kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-centrifugal, sinokuvelisa ii-micropowders ze-zirconia eziphantse zibe yingqukuva ezinobukhulu beenxalenye ezifanayo kakhulu. Thatha isandla kwaye ivakala njengomgubo olungileyo, kodwa ubunzima bayo buphezulu kakhulu. Olu bumbano lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu: nokuba isetyenziswa njengengubo okanye i-abrasive, iziphumo zizinzile kwaye ziyafana, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okungalinganiyo.
Ukuthetha izinto ezinkulu akuncedi nganto; uphuhliso kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngendlela ebonakalayo. Ezi zinto zintshaisanti ze-zirconiangoku zifunwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ukubumba ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezintsonkothileyo ze-superalloy ezifana neebhlade zenjini yeenqwelo-moya kunye neebhlade ze-turbine zegesi. Amaqondo obushushu okubumba afikelela kwi-1,000 degrees Celsius, nto leyo ebeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwizinto zegobolondo le-mold. Ii-topcoats ezenziwe ngesi sand entsha ye-zirconia zibonelela ngozinzo oluhle kakhulu kunye ne-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu obuhambelanayo. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukugqitywa komphezulu wokubumba, okwenza iziphene ezifana nokucholwa kwesand kunye nee-burrs zingabonakali, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugqiba okulandelayo. Abantu abanamava bathi, "Ukusebenzisa esi sand intsha, umsebenzi uyamangalisa ngokwenene!"
Esinye isicelo siphezulu kakhuluukugaya nokupolisha. Iglasi yethu yefowuni ephathwayo, ilensi yekhamera, kunye nee-wafers ezahlukeneyo ze-semiconductor zifuna iindawo ezigudileyo kakhulu; nokuba kukukrwela okuncinci kuya kubangela ukukrwela. I-zirconium oxide micropowder entsha, enobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ubungakanani obufanayo beesuntswana, kunye neempawu ezintle zeekhemikhali kunye noomatshini, lulwelo olusebenza kakuhle lokupholisha. Izinga lokususa lilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukumelana nokukrwela kuncinci, kufezekisa umphezulu ogudileyo ngokwenene kwinqanaba le-nanoscale okanye kwinqanaba le-atomic. Ngamafutshane, isikrini sefowuni yakho sivakala sigudileyo ngenxa yaso.
Kukwakho neengubo zokuthintela ubushushu. Iinjini zeenqwelo moya kunye neeturbine zegesi zingamelana njani nobushushu obunjalo obunzima? Izinto eziphambili zitshizwa nge "jakethi yokukhusela ubushushu." Enye yezinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kule jakethi yi-zirconium oxide-based ceramics. Isanti entsha ye-zirconium oxide, enokumelana kwayo nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nozinzo lwesigaba, zizinto eziphambili zokulungiselela ezi powders zokukhusela eziphezulu, ezinxulumene ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kwenjini kunye nobomi bayo.
Ukongeza, inokufumaneka kwiiseramikhi zesakhiwo kwiindawo ezinobungozi, izinto ezichaseneyo neziphucukileyo, kwanezinto eziphilayo zonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyanda.
Kwixesha elizayo, ndikholelwa ukuba indlela yesanti ye-zirconia entsha iya kuba banzi nangakumbi. Ngokuhambela phambili ngokukhawuleza kumashishini afana ne-photovoltaics, ii-semiconductor chips, kunye ne-aerospace, iimfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo ziya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Iimveliso zesanti ye-zirconia ezineempawu ezicocekileyo, ezintle, ezifanayo ngakumbi, kunye nokusebenza okulawulekayo ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuphuhliswa. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini, iya kuqaqamba kwiindawo esingenakuzicingela okwangoku.
Ngoko ke, musa ukuyithatha lula le ntlabathi incinci. Iqulethe ubulumko obukhulu kwaye inamandla kumashishini amakhulu. Ixabiso lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha lixhomekeke ekukhululeni amandla apheleleyo ezinto eziphathekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zamaxesha ethu.