Intshayelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuqhobosha iidayimani
Idayimani yinto enobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu. Inobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, i-thermal conductivity kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokurhawuzelela. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemizi-mveliso,izinto zokuqhobosha zedayimaniziye zaphuhliswa ukusuka kwiidayimani zendalo zemveli ukuya kwiidayimani ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ezisebenzayo, zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yecandelo lezinto eziqinileyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi achanekileyo njengokucubungula oomatshini, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-optics, kunye namandla amatsha.
Ⅰ. Intshayelelo esisiseko yezinto eziqholiweyo zedayimani
Izinto zokuqhobosha zedayimaniizinto ezigutyiweyo okanye eziziigranular yenziwe ngokutyumza, ukuhluza, kunye nokucocwa kweedayimani zendalo okanye iidayimani zokwenziwa. Ubunzima bayo beMohs bufikelela kwinqanaba le-10, elilelona litye liphezulu kakhulu elaziwayo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-abrasives zemveli ezifana ne-aluminium oxide kunye ne-silicon carbide, ii-abrasives zedayimani zinamandla aphezulu okusika kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kwaye zinokugaya kwaye zipolishe izixhobo zokuqina okuphezulu ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nomonakalo omncinci.
Ii-abrasives zedayimani ziquka ikakhulu ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
Umgubo wedayimani omncinciUbungakanani besuntswana buqala kwishumi lee-microns ukuya kwi-nanometers, ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokupolisha ezichanekileyo.
Ivili lokusila ledayimani/intloko yokusila: isetyenziselwa ukusila nokubumba izinto eziqinileyo.
I-blade/i-drill bit yesarha yedayimani: isetyenziselwa ukusika nokugrumba izinto ezifana nelitye, i-ceramics, iglasi, njl.njl.
Intlama yokugaya/yokupolisha yedayimani: isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu kwi-elektroniki, i-optics, i-mold kunye neminye imimandla.
Izinto zedayimani ezidityanisiweyo (PCD/PCBN): zidibanisa idayimani nesinyithi okanye i-ceramic matrix ukwenza izixhobo zesixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ezinokuqina kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ⅱ. Amasimi okusetyenziswa kwe-abrasives yedayimani
1. Ukucubungula ngoomatshini
Ii-abrasives zedayimani zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni nasekugayeni izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ezifana ne-carbide eqinisiweyo, ii-ceramics, i-silicon carbide, iglasi, i-ferrite, njl. Ukusebenzisa amavili okugaya idayimani ekucubunguleni akunakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye nomgangatho womphezulu, kodwa kwandise nobomi bezixhobo kwaye kunciphise ukuphindaphinda kokutshintsha kwezixhobo. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa eziveliswa ngobuninzi, ezizenzekelayo nezichanekileyo.
2. Amashishini e-elektroniki kunye ne-semiconductor
Ngexesha lokucubungula izinto ezifana nee-wafers ze-silicon, ii-sapphire substrates, ii-silicon carbide chips, i-optoelectronic glass, njl.njl., ii-diamond wire saws, ii-grinding fluids kunye nee-polishing pastes zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Ii-diamond abrasives zinokwenza i-submicron okanye i-nanometer-level flatness kunye ne-roughness. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-key links ezifana ne-chip dicing, i-wafer grinding, kunye ne-photomask polishing. Ziyinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nemveliso ephezulu yeemveliso ze-elektroniki.
3. Ukucubungula okubonakalayo
Umgubo wedayimani usetyenziswa kakhulu ekupolisheni iglasi ye-optical, iifestile ze-laser, iilensi zesafire kunye nezinye izinto. Amandla ayo okusika agqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kunokuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula isibuko kwaye kufezekise uburhabaxa bomphezulu obungaphantsi kwe-10nm. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokufezekisa iindawo ezigudileyo kakhulu kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu.
4. Ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungiswa kwamatye
Iiblade zesarha yedayimani, ii-drill bits, iingcingo zokusika, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwezinto zokwakha ezifana negranite, imabula, kunye nekhonkrithi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli, izixhobo zedayimani zingcono ngesantya sokusika, ubomi benkonzo, kunye nomgangatho wokusika, kwaye zifanelekile ngokukodwa ekucutshungulweni ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto zokwakha ezinamandla aphezulu kunye noxinano olukhulu.
5. Amandla amatsha kunye neenqwelo-moya
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha yamandla, imfuno ye-abrasives yedayimani ekucutshungulweni kweziqwenga ze-lithium battery pole, ii-diaphragms ze-ceramic, izinto ze-electric vehicle, njl.njl. ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwicandelo le-aerospace, izixhobo zedayimani zisetyenziselwa umatshini ochanekileyo wezinto ezishushu ze-injini, iindawo zesakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo, njl.njl., nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka nokuqina kweemveliso.
III. Isiphelo
Ii-abrasive zedayimani, njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezisisiseko kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ziyasetyenziswa ziimeko zoomatshini ezichanekileyo ngakumbi ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezibonakalayo ezibalaseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi yezinto kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa, ii-abrasive zedayimani ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula kwicala elicocekileyo, elikrelekrele nelinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, zinceda ishishini lokuvelisa elikumgangatho ophezulu ukuba lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.