Abavelisi be-White Fused Alumina kufuneka bajongane njani nokunyuka kweendleko zamandla?
Kutshanje, ndincokole nabahlobo abaninzi kwii-alumina emhlophe exutyiweyo ishishini, kwaye bonke babekhalaza besithi: “Amaxabiso ombane negesi yendalo anyuka kakhulu, kwaye iindleko azinyamezeleki!” Oku kuyinyani ngokupheleleyo. I-White fused alumina, xa sithetha inyani, “yi-power hog” kunye “ne-gas hog”—ubushushu bokunyibilikisa budla ngokudlula ama-2000 degrees Celsius, kwaye ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane, inzuzo iyancitshiswa kakhulu. Oku akusiyo nje intloko ebuhlungu kubavelisi basekhaya; oogxa babo behlabathi nabo bayakhalaza ngale meko. Kodwa ubomi buyaqhubeka, kwaye ishishini kufuneka liqhubeke. Bejongene nolu tshintsho lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane, abavelisi be-white fused alumina kufuneka baphendule njani? Namhlanje, siza kuchaza oku ngokweenkcukacha.
I. Kutheni Ukunyuka Kwamaxabiso Amandla Kunempembelelo Ebalulekileyo Kangaka Kwishishini Le-Alumina Elihlanganisiweyo Elimhlophe?
Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde ukuba kutheni imveliso ye-alumina emhlophe exutywe kakuhle ifuna amandla amaninzi kangaka. Isebenzisa ikakhulu isithando sombane se-arc ukunyibilikisa izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-bauxite kunye ne-coke, sizicoca ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezisebenza ngobushushu obuphezulu. Kule nkqubo, umbane yeyona nto iphambili—ukusetyenziswa kombane kwitoni enye yemveliso kunokufikelela kwi-2000 kWh, kwaye iindleko zombane zinokubalelwa kwi-30% ukuya kwi-40% yeendleko zemveliso. Kwezinye iindawo, igesi yendalo ikwasetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ongezelelweyo; ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso egesi kubangela ukuba iindleko zitshintshe kakhulu.
Ukubeka ngokucacileyo, ukuxhomekeka kweli shishini kumandla kufana nokuxhomekeka kwentlanzi emanzini. Ukususela kunyaka ophelileyo ukuya kulo nyaka, amaxabiso ombane wasekhaya ngokubanzi anyuke ngeesenti ezimbalwa, kwaye amaxabiso egesi yendalo nawo ebengaguquguquki, nto leyo etyhalela iifektri ezininzi ezincinci ngokuthe ngqo kwinzuzo. Omnye umphathi wahlekisa wathi, “Ukuqala imveliso ngoku kufana nokungcakaza ngobomi bam; ukunyuka kwepesenti enye kumaxabiso ombane kuthetha ukuba kufuneka nditshaye isiqingatha sepakethi yecuba ngaphezulu ebusuku.”
II. Iindlela Ezikrelekrele Kunobunzima: Amaqhinga Amathathu Aphambili Abavelisi Be-White Corundum
Icebo Lokuqala: Ukugxila Ekusebenziseni Amandla Kakuhle kwiZixhobo nakwiTekhnoloji
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva intetho ethi, “Okongayo yiloo nto uyifumanayo.” Uninzii-corundum emhlophe abavelisi ngoku bagxile kakhulu ekuphuculeni izixhobo. Umzekelo, ukutshintsha izitofu zombane ezindala ngezilawulwa ngobuchule, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa amanzi ezivaliweyo, kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphezulu kwe-10%. Umzi-mveliso kwiphondo laseShandong utyale imali engaphezulu kwe-3 yezigidi zeeyuan kunyaka ophelileyo ukuphucula izitofu zawo. Nangona bekubuhlungu, ukonga kwiindleko zombane bekuphantse kube yi-1 yezigidi zeeyuan ngonyaka, kwaye umnini ngoku uqhayisa kuye wonke umntu ukuba "imali isetyenziswe kakuhle."
Ezinye iifektri ziqalisa ukubuyisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo—igesi ephumayo eshushu kakhulu evela kwiifeni, eyayikade ichitheka, ngoku isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izinto eziluhlaza okanye ukubonelela ngokufudumeza, nto leyo eguqula “ubushushu obungafunekiyo bube bubutyebi.” Inkampani kwiphondo laseHenan igcine i-20% ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwegesi yendalo minyaka le isebenzisa le nkqubo. Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala lukhulu, lunokufunyanwa kwakhona kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lube luncedo kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Icebo lesibini eliphambili: “Ukukhupha okungaphezulu” kwinkqubo yemveliso
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kunokuvakala ngathi akucaci, kodwa kunenzuzo ngokwenene. Umzekelo, ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo wokondla kunye nexesha lokunyibilikisa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi kakuhle; okanye ukuhlela iinkqubo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngexesha lombane ongekho ngxamiseko ebusuku. Umzi-mveliso kwiphondo laseZhejiang ubalele ukuba ukulungisa nje amaxesha okusebenza kubasindise i-15% kwiibhili zombane ngonyaka.
Ulawulo nalo kufuneka luqaphele. Kwezinye iiworkshop, izibane bezishiywa zingakhankanywanga kwaye oomatshini bebesebenza bengasebenzi. Ngoku, iimitha ezikrelekrele zifakiwe, zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kweqela, kwaye abasebenzi ngoku bajonga ukufundwa kweemitha zabo. Umphathi wemveliso undixelele ukuba, “Ngaphambili, ukukhwaza sikhwaza ngokugcina umbane akusebenzi kangako kunenqaku ledatha elinye.”
Icebo lesithathu: Khangela iindlela ezintsha, ungagcini nje “kwishishini elidala.”
Xa iindleko zamandla zingenakuncitshiswa, cinga ngezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, lungisa ulwakhiwo lwemveliso, uvelise iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu—ii-micron powders, izinto ezikhethekileyo ezichaseneyo, njl. Nangona ezi zineenkqubo ezinzima ngakumbi, zibonelela ngenzuzo ephezulu kwaye azinangxaki kangako neendleko zamandla.
Ngaphezu koko, musa ukugxila kwimveliso kuphela. Abanye abavelisi bandisa kwiindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zecandelo leshishini. Umzekelo, batyala imali kwizityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ombane ngombane oluhlaza; okanye bafumana izivumelwano zamandla zexesha elide nabathengisi ukuze baphephe ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaxabiso emarike. Ezinye iifektri zide ziphinde zisebenzise inkunkuma kunye nezinto, zizenze iimveliso eziphuma kwezinye ukuze zifumane ingeniso eyongezelelweyo.
III. Ngaba kwanele ukuba iinkampani zithembele kuzo zodwa? Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nentsebenziswano nazo zibalulekile.
Inene, ukuzenzela wedwa akwanelanga ukujongana nengxaki yamandla. Okwangoku, urhulumente unikezela ngenkxaso-mali yokuguqula ukusingqongileyo kumashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Umzekelo, iiprojekthi zokuhlaziya ezonga amandla zingafaka izicelo zemali-mboleko engabizi kakhulu, kwaye iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic zixabisa amaxabiso ombane akhethekileyo. Abanini bamashishini abacinga kwangaphambili sele beqalile ukulwela imigaqo-nkqubo; "ukuqonda imithetho kukwaluncedo kukhuphiswano."
Intsebenziswano kushishino nayo ibalulekile. Umzekelo, iifektri ezininzi ezithenga igesi yendalo kunye ziyandisa amandla azo okuxoxisana; okanye ukwabelana ngeempumelelo zobuchwepheshe kuthintela uphando nophuhliso olungafunekiyo kunye nezixhobo ezichithwayo. Ukhuphiswano lunzima kushishino lwethu, kodwa xa sijongene "nengxaki eqhelekileyo" efana namandla, intsebenziswano isebenza ngcono kunokulwa ngaphakathi.
IV. Indlela eya kwixesha elizayo: I-White Corundum kufuneka iguquke ibe yi-"Green Corundum"
Ukunyuka kweendleko zamandla yingcinezelo yexeshana, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuyanyanzela imboni ukuba itshintshe.i-corundum emhlophe Iinkampani eziza kusinda kwixesha elizayo ziya kuba zezo "zigcina amandla" kwi-DNA yazo. Ubuchule kunye nokunciphisa i-carbonization azizo nje izilogeni, kodwa ziyindlela yokusinda. Mhlawumbi kwiminyaka embalwa, "i-corundum emhlophe engenakhabhoni" iya kuba yimali enzima yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Ekugqibeleni, olu vavanyo olukhulu lwamandla luhlola amandla angaphakathi enkampani kunye nombono wayo. Abo bakhalaza kuphela kwaye bangavumi ukutshintsha banokususwa; ngelixa abo baphucula kwaye baphendule ngokuguquguquka baya kwakha indlela entsha.
Emva kwayo yonke le ngxoxo, umyalezo ophambili ngulo: ukunyuka kweendleko zamandla kuzisa umngeni kubavelisi be-alumina emhlophe exutywe kakuhle, kodwa kukwalithuba lotshintsho. Ukusuka kwizixhobo ukuya kulawulo, ukusuka kubuchwepheshe ukuya kwisicwangciso, inyathelo ngalinye linokulungiswa ukuze lisebenze kakuhle. Khumbula, nokuba yi-sparrow engaboniyo ayizukubulawa yindlala; lo gama nje uzimisele ukusebenzisa ingqondo yakho kwaye wenze umgudu, unokufumana indlela yokuphuma. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, besikule shishini iminyaka emininzi kangaka, zeziphi izivunguvungu esingazange sizinyamezele? Eli xesha alifani; ukuba sidlula kulo, ihlabathi elitsha lisilindele!