Ukuhombisa yinkqubo yokugqiba ngokuchanekileyo esetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokugoba ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu weebhore ezenziwe ngomatshini. Ngexesha lenkqubo, amatye okuhombisa arhabaxa aziswa kwindawo elawulwayo yokudibanisa nomphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi. Olu nxibelelwano lususa amabala aphezulu amancinci—akwaziwa ngokuba ziingongoma zokuphazamiseka—phakathi komphezulu wokusika welitye lokuhombisa kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi wesixhobo somsebenzi. Ngokususa izinto ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzileyo, umphezulu uba ngowofanayo kancinci kancinci, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugqityweni ngokuchanekileyo nangokugudileyo okufunekayo kakhulu kwizicelo zobunjineli bokuchaneka.
Amatye okuhombisa, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamatye eoyile kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, enziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezirhabaxa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomatshini. Izinto ezirhabaxa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka idayimani, i-cubic boron nitride (CBN), i-fused alumina (i-aluminium oxide), kunye ne-silicon carbide. Izinto nganye zikhethwa ngokusekwe kubunzima bento yokusebenza, ukugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezinto ezicutshungulwayo. Izinto ezirhabaxa ezifana nedayimani kunye ne-CBN zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqina okuphezulu okanye ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo, ngelixa i-alumina kunye ne-silicon carbide zihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqityweni kwenjongo ngokubanzi.
Inkqubo yokuhombisa iphawulwa ziingenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu koomatshini kunye nomgangatho ogqwesileyo wokugqiba umphezulu. Ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo kunye nejometri, ingakumbi iindawo ezisilinda zangaphakathi. Le nkqubo ikwafuna imvume encinci yokususa izinto xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusila, kwaye inamandla okulungisa iimpazamo zejometri yebhore ezifana ne-taper, ukuphambuka okujikelezayo, kunye nokugoba komphezulu. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuhombisa kube yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugqiba kwimveliso echanekileyo.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuhombisa lwaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eMelika, apho iinkampani ezifana neBarnes kunye neMicromatic zadlala indima ephambili. Le teknoloji yamkelwe ngokukhawuleza kumazwe aphuhlileyo kuquka iJamani, iUnited Kingdom, kunye neJapan, ngakumbi kwizicelo zokugqiba isilinda seenjini. Ngo-1924, iindlela zokwandisa i-hydraulic zohombisa amatye zaziswa, nto leyo eyavumela amandla amakhulu okususa izinto kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Malunga nelo xesha linye, iinkqubo zokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo zaqala ukubonakala, nto leyo eyaphawula inqanaba lokuqala lokuzenzekelayo kwitekhnoloji yokuhombisa.
Uphuculo olongezelelekileyo lwenziwa ngo-1938 ngokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokulawula ukutya eziphucukileyo, ezavumela ukulawulwa okungcono kwesantya sokwandiswa kwamatye kunye nokubuyiselwa kokuguguleka kwezixhobo. Oku kwaphucula kakhulu ukuhambelana kunye nokuchaneka koomatshini. Ngo-1952, iinkqubo zokwandiswa kwe-elektroniki ezihlawulelwayo ngokupheleleyo zaziswa, nto leyo eyayimele elinye inyathelo elikhulu eliya kwi-automation, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo kwimisebenzi yokulola yemizi-mveliso.
Nangona kuqhubeka inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kusekho umsantsa phakathi kwezixhobo zokuhombisa eziphambili zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka iinkqubo zokupholisa nezokucoca, ukuchaneka kokulawula ubushushu, kunye noyilo lwezixhobo ezichanekileyo. Ezi zinto zinempembelelo ngqo kumgangatho womphezulu, ubomi bezixhobo, kunye nozinzo loomatshini ngokubanzi, kwaye zihlala ziindawo eziphambili zophuhliso oluqhubekayo kushishino.
Ukwenziwa kwe-Honing kusetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso, kuquka ukwenziwa kweemoto, iitrektara kunye neebhayisekile, ubunjineli bolwandle kunye neenqwelo-moya, izixhobo zoomatshini, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zomkhosi. Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo luquka ii-liner ze-injini, ii-spindle kunye nee-transmission bores ezichanekileyo, imingxunya ye-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic cylinder, ii-gearbox kunye nee-motor housings, imizimba yepompo, kwanee-barrels ezichaneke kakhulu ezifana nee-gun barrels. Zonke ezi zinto zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu komphezulu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso lwamatye okuhombisa lube yinto ephambili ekuphuculeni ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwedayimani yokwenziwa kunye ne-CBN abrasives kuphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Idatha yeshishini ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-92% yeenkqubo zokuhombisa zanamhlanje ngoku zixhomekeke kwidayimani okanye amatye aqingqiweyo asekelwe kwi-CBN, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho olucacileyo oluya kwizixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu.
Amatye okuhombisa anamandla kakhulu anika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi, kuquka ubomi obude benkonzo, iindleko eziphantsi zokucubungula, ukukrwela okuncinci komphezulu, ukuvelisa ubushushu obuncinci bokugaywa, kunye neepateni zomphezulu ezizinzileyo nezifanayo. Ezi zibonelelo ziwenza afaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo zokuvelisa eziphezulu apho ukuhambelana nokuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukwenziwa kwamatye okuhombisa kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokurhawuzelela. Amatye arhawuzelela kakhulu njengedayimani kunye neCBN adla ngokuveliswa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokurhawuzelela ezibandayo okanye iinkqubo zokurhawuzelela ezishushu. Ukurhawuzelela okubandayo kudla ngokusetyenziswa iimold zesinyithi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqala kwi-400 ukuya kwi-500 MPa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imold ihlale ixesha elide kunye nozinzo oluphezulu lwesakhiwo. Ukurhawuzelela okushushu, kwelinye icala, kusebenzisa iimold zegrafiti phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi olumalunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-20 MPa, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi okurhawuzelela kunye nokugcinwa okungcono kwamandla okurhawuzelela, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwemold kuphezulu.
Amatye okuhombisa e-alumina kunye ne-silicon carbide yendabuko ayephakathi kweentlobo zokuqala ezaphuhliswayo kwaye zisasetyenziswa kakhulu nanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zirhabaxa kunye zinemida ngokwemigaqo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo kunye nokusebenza, ingakumbi xa kusetyenzwa izixhobo ezinzima ukusetyenzwa ngomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezirhabaxa kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kuphantsi kakhulu kwizicelo eziphambili.
Ukukhethwa kwamatye okuhombisa kufuneka kusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zenkqubo. Kwiintloko zokuhombisa ezidadayo, ubude belitye kufuneka buqinisekise ukuba kusetyenzwa ngokuzinzileyo kunye nesikhokelo esifanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwebhore. Kwiintloko zokuhombisa ezidadayo okanye eziqinileyo, ingakumbi kwizicelo zemingxunya emifutshane, ukuzikhokela ngokwakho akubaluleke kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe amatye amafutshane. Kwimishini yemingxunya engaboniyo, kufuneka ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokubuyisela, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo ukuze kuthintelwe impembelelo yokuphela enokubangela umonakalo welitye. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ubude belitye budla ngokuba malunga nobubanzi bokubetheka obuphindwe kane.
Ukongeza kubude, inani kunye nobubanzi bamatye okuhombisa kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwendlela izixhobo eziqinileyo ngayo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo. Ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo yoomatshini, ukwanda kobubanzi bamatye kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kunye nokuhambelana komphezulu. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha ziquka izinto zokusebenza, ububanzi kunye nobunzulu bebhore, ukugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo, kunye neempawu zomatshini wokuhombisa osetyenziswayo. Ezi parameters zizonke zimisela ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuhombisa.