Kwinyanga ephelileyo, ndityelele injineli ephezulu kwifektri yezinto ezirhabaxa eHebei. Ekhomba isampulu esandula ukuthatyathwa kwi-oven, wathi kum, “Jonga le ndawo inqamlezileyo. Ukongezwa kwe-'green silicon carbide micropowder' kwenza umahluko omkhulu; iikristale zixineneyo, kwaye umbala uchaneke ngakumbi.” “Green silicon carbide micropowder” awayikhankanyileyo ngumxholo wengxoxo yethu namhlanje—i-micropowder eluhlaza ye-silicon carbideNangona isisithako esiqhelekileyo kwishishini le-abrasives, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okutsha kwicandelo lezinto ezinganyangekiyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kube yinto ephawulekayo ngokwenene.
Usenokungakholelwa, kodwa i-green silicon carbide micropowder ekuqaleni yayisisithako esixhasayo kuphela kwizinto ezichasayo. Kwiminyaka yangaphambili, abanye abavelisi babenokongeza izixa ezincinci ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kweemveliso ezithile ezichasayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu edlulileyo, imeko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko amashishini afana nentsimbi, iintsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, kunye neeseramikhi zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwii-ovens—ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende—izinto eziqhelekileyo ezichasayo ziye zangonelanga. Ngeli xesha, iinjineli zezinto ezichasayo zajika ingqalelo yazo zaya kulo “mhlobo wakudala,” zaza zafumanisa ukuba, xa zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, “yayiyimpahla yobutyebi” yokwenene.
Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni ithandwa kangaka, kufuneka sijonge amandla ayo angundoqo. Okokuqala, ayitshisi ubushushu.Ikhabhayithi yesilicon eluhlazaIbonakalisa ukumelana okunamandla kakhulu ne-oxidation kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunezinye izinto zemveli, ihlala izinzile nokuba ikwi-1600℃ nangaphezulu, nto leyo enegalelo kwixesha elide lee-oksini ezishushu kakhulu. Okwesibini, inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu kukukhukuliseka kwezinto, njengee-blast furnace tapholes kunye nee-linings zeebhedi ezijikelezayo ezinolwelo. Okwesithathu, kwaye okubalulekileyo, inokuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu. Olu phawu, ngamanye amaxesha luthathwa njengobuthathaka (njengoko lunokunyusa ukulahleka kobushushu), ngoku lusetyenziswa—luye lwaba luncedo kwizakhiwo ezifuna ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo okanye ukumelana noxinzelelo lobushushu.
Ziguqulelwa njani ezi mpawu zibe zizicelo ezisebenzayo? Makhe ndibelane ngemizekelo embalwa endiyibonileyo.
Kwifektri enkulu yentsimbi eShandong, ixesha lokuphila kwee-linings kwiimoto zabo ze-torpedo ladle (ii-ladles ezinkulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo) laliphantsi rhoqo. Kamva, iqela lobuchwephesha longeza i-silicon carbide micro-powder eluhlaza enobukhulu obuthile be-particle kwi-castable, kwaye kwenzeka ummangaliso. I-lining entsha ayizange ibonise kuphela ukuxhathisa okukhulu ukukhukuliseka kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-slag, kodwa, kuba i-micro-powder yazalisa ii-pores kwi-matrix, yabangela isakhiwo esixineneyo kakhulu. Injineli ekwindawo yandixelela ukuba, “Ngaphambili, i-lining ye-ladle yayifuna ukulungiswa okukhulu emva kokusetyenziswa okumalunga namakhulu amabini; ngoku idlula ngokulula ukusetyenziswa okungamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amahlanu. Oku kukodwa kusindisa imali eninzi kwiindleko zokugcinwa konyaka kunye nelahleko yexesha lokungasebenzi.”
Indlela enobuchule ngakumbi ikwiindawo zokuchasana ezisebenza kakuhle. Kwezinye ii-oven eziphucukileyo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zijongene neendawo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Ezinye iindawo zifuna ukumelana nomlilo kakhulu, ezinye ukumelana nobushushu, kwaye ezinye azinakungena. Indlela ekrelekrele ayisekho kukusebenzisa into enye kuyo yonke into, kodwa kukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwiileya ezahlukeneyo. I-micropowder ye-silicon carbide eluhlaza idlala indima ebalulekileyo apha—kunokongezwa okungakumbi kwileya yomphezulu osebenzayo odibana ngqo nesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esinobushushu obuphezulu, kusetyenziswa ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwayo okuphezulu; kwileya ephakathi ye-buffer, umlinganiselo ungalungiswa ukuze kuphuculwe ukuhambelana kokwanda kobushushu; kwaye kwileya engasemva, kungasetyenziswa umgubo omncinci okanye ungabikho. Le ndlela yeleya iphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye noqoqosho. Inkampani eseZhejiang eyenza ifenitshala ekhethekileyo ye-oven ye-ceramic inyuse ubomi befenitshala yayo ye-oven ngaphezulu kwama-40% isebenzisa le ndlela.
Ungabuza, kutheni ungafaki nje amasuntswana arhabaxa? Kutheni ugxininisa kwi-"micropowder"? Isitshixo sikwikhono layo lokungapheleli nje ekusebenzeni njengesigaba sokuqinisa kodwa nokuba nenxaxheba kwimpendulo yokusila kwezinto. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, la masuntswana acolekileyo kakhulu anomsebenzi ophezulu womphezulu, ekhuthaza ukusila kwaye enceda ekwakheni ikhonkco eliqinileyo le-ceramic. Kwangaxeshanye, isebenza njenge "santi" ilungileyo, igcwalisa ngokupheleleyo izithuba phakathi kwamanye amasuntswana ahlanganisiweyo, inciphisa kakhulu ukubola. Ngezinto ezixineneyo, i-slag eyingozi kunye nomphunga we-alkaline akunakwenzeka ukuba ungene kwaye ubangele umonakalo. Ndibone idatha yovavanyo ebonisa ukuba kwi-castables ezinganyangekiyo ezinefomula efanayo, ukongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza kunokunyusa amandla okuguquguquka kobushushu obuphezulu nge-20%-30%, kwaye ukuphuculwa kokungangeni kwamanzi kubaluleke ngakumbi.
Kakade ke, izinto ezilungileyo aziyonto nje oyiphosa ngokungacwangciswanga. Umlinganiselo, uyilo lokusasazwa kobungakanani bezinto, kunye nendlela yokuzidibanisa nezinye izinto eziluhlaza (ezifana ne-bauxite, i-corundum, kunye ne-alumina micropowder) zonke zizinto ezintsonkothileyo. Okuncinci kakhulu akuyi kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo, ngelixa okuninzi kakhulu kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza okanye kubize kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha kubangele nezinye iingxaki (ezifana nobuthathaka kwimozulu ethile enciphisayo). Oku kufuna ukuba iingcali zenze iimvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo ukuze zifumane "ibhalansi efanelekileyo." Omnye unjineli wakudala wandixelela umzekelo ofanelekileyo kakhulu: "Ukulungisa ifomula kufana nogqirha wesintu waseTshayina onika umyalelo; umthamo wesithako ngasinye kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngononophelo."
Okwangoku, usenokuba uqaphele ukuba indima ye-green silicon carbide micropowder kwizinto ezichasene ne-refractory itshintsha ukusuka kwi-"additive" elula ukuya kwi-"key modifier" enokutshintsha isakhiwo kunye neempawu zezinto. Ayizisi nje kuphela uphuculo kwizalathisi ezithile kodwa ikwakhulisa namathuba oyilo lwezinto. Ngoku, kwanamanye amaziko ophando afunda indlela yokuyidibanisa ne-nanotechnology kunye netekhnoloji yokusabela ngaphakathi ukuze kudalwe isizukulwana esilandelayo sezinto ezichasene ne-refractory ezikrelekrele nezihlala ixesha elide.
Ukususela kwigqala kwishishini lokurhawuzelela ukuya kwinkwenkwezi ekhulayo kwicandelo lezinto ezichaseneyo, ibali le-green silicon carbide micropowder lisixelela ukuba inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe idla ngokuxhomekeke ekudibaniseni izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokufunyanwa kwezinto ezintsha kwizinto ezindala. Kufana neso sinongo sibalulekileyo ekuphekeni; xa sisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye sikwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, sinokuphakamisa isitya sonke siye kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngexesha elizayo xa ubona ezo zitofu zanamhlanje zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo elangatyeni, unokucinga ukuba ngaphakathi kwilayini yazo eqinileyo, iikristale ezincinci eziluhlaza ezingenakubalwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa. Mhlawumbi olu luphawu lwesayensi yezinto—lunokuhlala luqhakaza iintyatyambo ezintsha kwiindawo zemveli.