Nabani na okhe wasebenza kwimizi-mveliso ye-abrasives, i-refractories, okanye i-ceramics uyazi ukubai-silicon carbide eluhlazaI-micropowder inzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Le nto, enobunzima obufana nobedayimani kunye nobushushu obuhle kunye nombane, ifanelekile ngokwendalo ekugayweni ngokuchanekileyo, izinto ezichaseneyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye neeseramikhi ezikhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqwalasela nje ubunzima bayo akwanelanga ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo - kukho okungakumbi kule powder eluhlaza ebonakala iqhelekile kunokuba kubonakala. Isitshixo sikwi "ubungakanani bamasuntswana."
Iinjineli zezinto ezinamava zihlala zisithi, “Xa uvavanya izinto, qala ujonge umgubo; xa uvavanya umgubo, qala ujonge amasuntswana.” Oku kuyinyani ngokupheleleyo. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana e-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza bumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iya kuba yimpahla enamandla okanye umqobo omkhulu kwizicelo ezisezantsi. Namhlanje, siza kujonga indlela obu bungakanani bamasuntswana obulawulwa ngayo kunye nemingeni yobugcisa ebandakanyekayo ekufezekiseni olu lawulo.
I. "Ukusila" kunye "noKwahlula": "Inkqubo yotyando" ye-Micron-Level
Ukuze ufumane eyona ifanelekileyoi-micropowder eluhlaza ye-silicon carbide, inyathelo lokuqala "kukuqhekeza" iikristale ezinkulu eziluhlaza zesilicon carbide. Oku akulula njengokuziqhekeza ngesando, kodwa yinkqubo ebuthathaka efuna ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo.
Indlela eqhelekileyo kukutyumza ngoomatshini. Nangona ivakala irhabaxa, ibandakanya ulawulo olucokisekileyo. Iibhola zemitshini zezona "ndawo yoqeqesho" ixhaphakileyo, kodwa ukusebenzisa iibhola zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunokungenisa ukungcola kwesinyithi ngokulula. Iindlela eziphucukileyo ngoku zisebenzisa ii-linings ze-ceramic kunye neebhola ze-silicon carbide okanye ze-zirconia zokugaya ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu. Ukutyumza ibhola kukodwa akwanelanga; ukufumana i-micropowder encinci nefanayo, ngakumbi kuluhlu lwe-sub-10 micrometer (µm), kusetyenziswa "i-air jet milling". Le ndlela isebenzisa ukuhamba komoya ngesantya esiphezulu ukubangela ukuba amasuntswana angqubane kwaye aqhekeke ngokungqubana, okubangela ungcoliseko oluncinci kunye nokusasazwa kobukhulu besuntswana obuncinci. Ukutyumza okumanzi kuyasetyenziswa xa kufuneka iipowders ezicolekileyo kakhulu (umz., ngaphantsi kwe-1 µm). Ithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlangana kwepowder, okubangela ukuba kubekho ukusasazeka okungcono.
Nangona kunjalo, "ukutyumza" nje akwanelanga; itekhnoloji yokwenyani ikwi "ukwahlulahlula." Iipowder eziveliswa ngokutyumza ziyahluka ngobukhulu, kwaye injongo yethu kukukhetha kuphela uluhlu lobukhulu olufunekayo. Oku kufana nokukhetha kuphela iisuntswana zesanti ezinobubanzi obuyi-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.6 yeemilimitha kwinqwaba yesanti. Oomatshini bokwahlula umoya owomileyo zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku, zisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kunye ne-aerodynamics ukwahlula iipowder ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo ngokusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso enkulu. Kodwa kukho into ebambekayo: xa umgubo ulungile ngokwaneleyo (umz., ngaphantsi kwee-micrometer ezimbalwa), iisuntswana zihlala zihlangana ngenxa yamandla e-van der Waals (i-agglomeration), okwenza kube nzima kwii-air classifiers ukubahlula ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu beesuntswana nganye. Kule meko, ukwahlulahlula okumanzi (njengokwahlulahlula i-centrifugal sedimentation) ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luncedo, kodwa inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iindleko ziyanda.
Ngoko ke, uyabona, yonke inkqubo yolawulo lobungakanani bamasuntswana ngokusisiseko yingxaki eqhubekayo kunye nokuvumelana phakathi "kokutyumza" kunye "nokwahlulahlula." Ukutyumza kujoliswe kumasuntswana amancinci, kodwa amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu athanda ukuhlangana, okuthintela ukuhlelwa; ukwahlula kujoliswe ekuchanekeni okukhulu, kodwa kudla ngokuba nzima ngeempuphu ezincinci ezihlanganisiweyo. Iinjineli zichitha ixesha elininzi zilinganisa ezi mfuno zingqubanayo.
II. “Izithintelo” kunye “nezisombululo”: Ameva kunye nokukhanya kwindlela eya kulawulo lobungakanani beenxalenye
Ukulawula ubungakanani beesuntswana ze-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza ngokuthembekileyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokutyumza nokwahlulahlula. "Iingxaki" ezininzi zokwenyani ziyama endleleni, kwaye ngaphandle kokuzisombulula, ulawulo oluchanekileyo alunakwenzeka.
Umqobo wokuqala kukusabela okubangelwa “bubulukhuni.”Ikhabhayithi yesilicon eluhlazaInzima kakhulu, ifuna amandla amakhulu ukuze ityumke, nto leyo ebangela ukuguguleka okukhulu kwezixhobo. Ngexesha lokuguguleka okucolekileyo kakhulu, ukuguguleka kwezixhobo zokugaya kunye nee-liners kuvelisa ukungcola okuninzi. Ezi zinto zingcolileyo ziyaxubana kwimveliso, zibeka emngciphekweni ubunyulu bayo. Wonke umsebenzi wakho onzima wokulawula ubungakanani bamasuntswana uba yinto engenamsebenzi ukuba amanqanaba okungcola aphezulu kakhulu. Okwangoku, eli shishini liphuhlisa ngamandla izixhobo zokugaya kunye nee-liner ezingagugiyo, kwaye liphucula izakhiwo zezixhobo, konke oku ukuze kujongwane nale "ngwe inzima."
Ingwe yesibini “ngumthetho wokutsala” kwihlabathi leempuphu ezicolekileyo – i-agglomeration. Okukhona iisuntswana zincinci, kokukhona indawo ethile yomphezulu inkulu, kwaye amandla omphezulu aphezulu; ngokwemvelo zihlala “zihlangana.” Olu manyano lunokuba “yi-agglomeration ethambileyo” (ebanjwe kunye ngamandla aphakathi kweemolekyuli, njengemikhosi ye-van der Waals, elula ukuyiqhekeza), okanye “i-agglomeration eqinileyo” enamandla ngakumbi (apho ngexesha lokutyumza okanye ukubala, iindawo zesuntswana zinyibilika kancinci okanye zenze ii-chemical reactions, ziwadibanisa ngokuqinileyo). Nje ukuba ii-agglomerate zivele, zizenza “iisuntswana ezinkulu” kwizixhobo zokuhlalutya ubungakanani besuntswana, zilahlekisa kakhulu isigqibo sakho; kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, njengakwi-polish liquids, ezi agglomerate “ziingxaki” ezikrwela umphezulu we-workpiece. Ukusombulula i-agglomeration ngumceli mngeni wehlabathi. Ngaphandle kokongeza izongezo kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo ngexesha lokutyumza, indlela enamandla ngakumbi kukuguqula umphezulu wempuphu, uwunike "ingubo" yokunciphisa amandla omphezulu kwaye uthintele ukuba uhlale ufuna "ukubumbana."
Ⅲ. Ingwe yesithathu kukungaqiniseki okukhoyo "ekulinganisweni."
Uyazi njani ukuba ubungakanani besuntswana obulawulayo buyile nto ucinga ukuba buyiyo? Abahlalutyi bobukhulu besuntswana ngamehlo ethu, kodwa imigaqo yokulinganisa eyahlukileyo (i-laser diffraction, i-sedimentation, uhlalutyo lomfanekiso), kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasazwa kwesampulu phantsi komgaqo ofanayo, zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimiphunga esele idibene; ukuba ukusasazeka okufanelekileyo akufezekiswanga ngaphambi kokulinganisa (umz., ukongeza izisasazi, unyango lwe-ultrasonic), idatha efunyenweyo iya kuba kude kakhulu kwimeko yokwenyani. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa okuthembekileyo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo luyinto nje engenamsebenzi.
Nangona le mingeni injalo, eli shishini lihlala lifuna izisombululo. Umzekelo, ukucocwa kunye nobukrelekrele benkqubo yonke yinto ephambili. Ngezixhobo zokujonga ubungakanani beesuntswana kwi-intanethi, impendulo yedatha yexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kweeparamitha zokutyumza kunye nokwahlulahlula kukhokelela kwinkqubo ezinzileyo ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, iteknoloji yokuguqula umphezulu ifumana ingqwalasela eyandayo, ayisekho "isisombululo" emva koko, kodwa idityaniswe kwinkqubo yonke yokulungiselela, icinezela ukuhlanganiswa komthombo kwaye iphucula ukusasazeka komgubo kunye nokuhambelana kwawo nenkqubo yesicelo. III. Ubizo lweZicelo: Ubungakanani beesuntswana buba njani "liLitye leFilosofi"?
Kutheni kufuneka wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukulawula ubungakanani beesuntswana? Ukujonga iindlela ezisebenzayo kwenza kucace. Kwicandelo lokusila nokupolisha ngokuchanekileyo, njengokupolisha izikrini zesafire kunye nee-silicon wafers, ukusasazwa kobukhulu beesuntswana ze-silicon carbide micro-powder eluhlaza "yindlela yokuphila." Ifuna ukusasazwa kobukhulu beesuntswana obuncinci kakhulu nobufanayo, obungenazo "iisuntswana ezinkulu kakhulu" (ezikwabizwa ngokuba "ziisuntswana ezirhabaxa" okanye "iisuntswana ezibulalayo"), kungenjalo ukukrwela okunzulu okukodwa kunokonakalisa yonke into ebiza kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, umgubo akufuneki ube nee-agglomerates eziqinileyo, kungenjalo ukusebenza kakuhle kokupolisha kuya kuba sezantsi, kwaye ukugqitywa komphezulu akuyi kwanelisa. Apha, ulawulo lobukhulu beesuntswana lugcinwa ngokungqongqo kwi-nanoscale.
Kwizinto eziphucukileyo ezichaseneyo, ezifana nefenitshala ye-ceramic oven kunye nee-furnace ezifakwe kwi-furnace ezishushu kakhulu, ulawulo lobungakanani be-particle lugxile "ekusasazweni kobungakanani be-particle." Ii-particles ezirhabaxa nezincinci zixutywa ngokwemilinganiselo ethile; ii-particles ezirhabaxa zenza isakhelo, kwaye ii-particles ezincinci zizalisa izikhewu. Oku kuvumela ukurhawuzelela okuxineneyo nokunamandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okubangela ukumelana okuhle nokutsha kobushushu. Ukuba ukusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle akunangqiqo, izinto ziya kuba nezimbobo kwaye zingabi qinile, okanye zibe buthathaka kakhulu kwaye ziqhekezeke. Kwintsimi yee-ceramics ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nee-ceramics ezikhusela iimbumbulu kunye neendandatho zokuvala ezingagugiyo, ubungakanani be-particle ye-powder buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isakhiwo se-microstructure kunye nokusebenza kokugqibela emva kokurhawuzelela. Ii-powders ezi-Ultrafine kunye nezifanayo zinomsebenzi ophezulu wokurhawuzelela, okuvumela ukuba ii-ceramics ezixineneyo nezincinci kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula kakhulu amandla azo kunye nokuqina kwazo. Apha, ubungakanani be-particle yimfihlo yangaphakathi "yokuqinisa" izinto ze-ceramic.