Yiqonde ngokunzulu inkqubo yokuvelisa umgubo we-corundum omdaka
Umi kwiimitha ezintathu ukusuka kwisithando sombane se-arc, amaza obushushu agqunywe livumba lesinyithi esitshisiweyo akubethe ebusweni – i-bauxite slurry engaphezulu kwama-2200 degrees esithandweni iqengqeleka ngamaqamza abomvu egolide. Inkosi endala uLao Li yasula ukubila kwayo yaza yathi: “Uyabona? Ukuba izinto zenziwe ngefosholo enye ngaphandle kwamalahle, ubushushu besithando buya kwehla ngama-30 degrees, kwayei-corundum emdaka ephumayo iya kuba buthathaka njengeebhisikithi.” Le mbiza “yentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo” ebilayo yindawo yokuqala yokuzalwa komgubo we-corundum omdaka.
1. Ukunyibilika: Umsebenzi onzima wokususa "i-jade" emlilweni
Igama elithi "inkohlakalo" liqoshwe emathanjeni e-brown corundum, kwaye olu phawu lucociwe kwisithando sombane se-arc:
Izithako zifana namayeza: isiseko se-bauxite (I-Al₂O₃>85%), iarhente yokunciphisa i-anthracite, kwaye iifayili zesinyithi kufuneka zifefwe “njengesixhobo sokudibanisa” – ngaphandle kwayo ukunceda ekunyibilikeni, ii-silicates zokungcola azinakucocwa. Iincwadi ezilinganisayo zeefektri ezindala kwiPhondo laseHenan zigugile: “Amalahle amaninzi athetha ikhabhoni eninzi kunye nomnyama, ngelixa isinyithi esincinci kakhulu sithetha inkunkuma etyebileyo kunye nokuhlangana”
Imfihlo yesithando somlilo esithambekileyo: Umzimba wesithando somlilo uthambekile kwi-engile ye-15-degree ukuvumela ukunyibilika ukuba kuhlukane ngokwendalo, umaleko ongezantsi we-alumina ecocekileyo unyibilika ube yi-brown corundum, kwaye umaleko ongaphezulu we-ferrosilicon slag uyasuswa. Inkosi endala isebenzise i-long pick ukubhoboza i-sampling port, kwaye amaconsi anyibilikisiweyo apholileyo kwaye icandelo elinqamlezileyo lalimdaka ngombala omnyama: "Lo mbala ulungile! Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonisa ukuba i-titanium iphezulu, kwaye ukukhanya okungwevu kuthetha ukuba i-silicon ayisuswanga ngokupheleleyo"
Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kumisela isiphumo: ukunyibilika kugalelwa emgodini onzulu kwaye kugalelwe ngamanzi abandayo ukuze "kuqhume" kube ziingceba, kwaye umphunga wamanzi wenza isandi sokuqhekeka esifana nepopcorn. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kugquma iziphene zelattice, kwaye ukuqina kuphezulu ngama-30% kunokupholisa kwendalo - njengokucima ikrele, isitshixo "sikhawuleza"
2. Ukutyumza nokubumba: ubugcisa bokubumba “amadoda anzima”
Ubunzima bebhloko ye-corundum emdaka ephuma nje e-oven bufana noboiidayimaniKuthatha inkathazo enkulu ukuyiguqula ibe "yisosha eliphambili" elikwinqanaba le-micron:
Ukuvulwa okurhabaxa kwesityumzi somhlathi
Ipleyiti yomhlathi we-hydraulic “iyaqhekeka” kwaye ibhloko enobukhulu bebhola yomnyazi iqhekeziwe yaba ziiwalnuts. Umqhubi uXiao Zhang wakhomba isikrini waza wakhalaza esithi: “Kwixesha lokugqibela kwaxutywa isitena esirhabaxa, kwaye ipleyiti yomhlathi yaphula umsantsa. Iqela lolondolozo landisukela laza landithethisa iintsuku ezintathu”
Utshintsho kwi-ball mill
Isixhobo sokusila ibhola esizaliswe ziindudumo zegranite, kwaye iibhola zentsimbi zibetha iibhloko njengabadanisi abanobundlobongela. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokusila okuqhubekayo, umgubo omnyama omdaka orhabaxa waphuma kwi-discharge port. “Kukho iqhinga apha,” watsho ingcali icinezela iphaneli yokulawula: “Ukuba isantya sidlula i-35 rpm, amasuntswana aya kugaywa abe ziinaliti; ukuba angaphantsi kwe-28 rpm, imiphetho iya kuba bukhali kakhulu.”
Utyando lweplastiki lweBarmac
Umgca wemveliso ophezulu ubonisa ikhadi lawo eliphambili – iBarmac vertical shaft impact crusher. Le nto ityunyuzwa ngokuzingqubana phantsi kwe-drive ye-rotor ekhawulezayo, kwaye umgubo omncinci oveliswayo ungqukuva njengeengqayi zomlambo. Ifektri yamavili okusila kwiPhondo laseZhejiang ilinganise: ngokweenkcukacha ezifanayo zomgubo omncinci, indlela yendabuko inobunzima obuyi-1.75g/cm³, ngelixa indlela yeBarmac inobunzima obuyi-1.92g/cm³! UMnu. Li wajika isampuli waza waphefumlela phezulu esithi: “Ngaphambili, ifektri yamavili okusila yayisoloko ikhalaza ngokungatyibiliki kakuhle komgubo, kodwa ngoku ikhalaza ukuba isantya sokuzalisa sikhawuleza kakhulu ukuba singagcinwa.”
3. Ukubeka amanqaku kunye nokucoca: ukuzingela ngokuchanekileyo kwihlabathi lee-microns
Ukwahlulahlula amasuntswana ayi-1/10 yobukhulu beenwele zibe ziiklasi ezahlukeneyo yimfazwe yomphefumlo wale nkqubo:
Imfihlakalo yokuhlelwa komoya
Umoya oxinzelelweyo we-0.7MPa ungena kwigumbi lokwahlulahlula ngomgubo, kwaye isantya se-impeller simisela "umgca wokungena": i-8000 rpm ivala i-W40 (40μm), kwaye i-12000 rpm ibamba i-W10 (10μm). "Ndiyoyika kakhulu ukufuma okugqithisileyo", umlawuli weworkshop wakhomba kwinqaba yokususa ubumanzi: "Kwinyanga ephelileyo, i-condenser ivuza i-fluorine, kwaye umgubo omncinci waqhekeka waza wavala umbhobho. Kuthathe amaxesha amathathu ukuyicoca."
Imela ethambileyo yokuhlelwa kwe-hydraulic
Kwimibhobho ethambileyo engaphantsi kwe-W5, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuba yindlela yokwahlulahlula. Amanzi acocekileyo kwibhakethi yokulinganisa aphakamisa umgubo ocolekileyo ngesantya sokuhamba se-0.5m/s, kwaye amasuntswana arhabaxa ahlala kuqala. Umsebenzisi ujonga imitha yokutshintsha kwamanzi: “Ukuba isantya sokuhamba sikhawuleza nge-0.1m/s, isiqingatha somgubo we-W3 siya kuphuma; ukuba sicotha nge-0.1m/s, i-W10 iya kuxubana ize ibangele ingxaki.”
Imfazwe eyimfihlo yokwahlulwa kwemagnethi kunye nokususwa kwesinyithi
Irola enamandla yemagnethi isusa ii-iron filings ngamandla okufunxa angama-12,000 gauss, kodwa ayinakunceda kumabala e-iron oxide. Icebo lomzi-mveliso waseShandong leli: faka i-oxalic acid ngaphambi kokuba uyipholise, uguqule i-Fe₂O₃ enzima ibe yi-soluble ferrous oxalate, kwaye umxholo we-iron ongcolileyo wehla ukusuka kwi-0.8% ukuya kwi-0.15%
4. Pukukrwela kunye nokukrwela: "ukuzalwa kwakhona" kwezinto ezirhabaxa
Ukuba uyafunaumgubo omncinci we-corundum micropowderUkuze umelane novavanyo kwivili lokugaya elinobushushu obuphezulu, kuya kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lobomi nokufa olubini:
I-dialectics ye-pickling esekwe kwi-asidi
Amaqamza kwithangi le-hydrochloric acid ayanyuka aze anyibilikise ukungcola kwesinyithi, kwaye ulawulo loxinzelelo lufana nokuhamba ngentambo eqinileyo: ngaphantsi kwe-15% ayikwazi ukucoca umhlwa, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-22% kuyawutshabalalisa umzimba we-alumina. ULao Li uphakamise iphepha lovavanyo lwe-PH ukuze anike amava: “Xa unciphisa ukuhlamba nge-alkaline, kufuneka ucinezele ngokuchanekileyo i-PH=7.5. I-asidi iya kubangela ii-burrs kwiikristale, kwaye i-alkaline iya kubangela ukuba umphezulu wee-particles ube ngumgubo.”
Iphazili yobushushu be-calcination
Emva kokuba i-calcination ifikelele kwi-1450℃/iiyure ezi-6 kwi-oven ejikelezayo, ukungcola kwe-ilmenite kuyabola kube yi-rutile phase, kwaye ukumelana nobushushu be-micropowder kuyanda ngama-300℃. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguga kwe-thermocouple yefektri ethile, ubushushu bokwenyani budlule kwi-1550℃, kwaye zonke ii-micro powders ezaziphuma kwi-oven zatshiswa zaba “ziikeyiki zesesame” – iitoni ezingama-30 zezinto zalahlwa ngqo, kwaye umlawuli wefektri wakhathazeka kakhulu kangangokuba wanyathela iinyawo zakhe.
Isiphelo: Ubuhle bemizi-mveliso phakathi kweemilimitha
Kwiworkshop ye-twilight, oomatshini basaduma. ULao Li wasusa uthuli kwiimpahla zakhe zokusebenza waza wathi: “Emva kokusebenza kweli shishini iminyaka engama-30, ekugqibeleni ndiyaqonda ukuba ii-micro powders ezilungileyo 'zicoca ngama-70% kwaye ziphila ngama-30%' – izithako zisisiseko, ukutyumza kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni, kwaye ukulinganisa kuxhomekeke ekuqapheleni.” Ukusuka kwi-bauxite ukuya kwi-nano-scale micro powders, impumelelo yetekhnoloji ihlala ijikeleza kwiindawo ezintathu: ubunyulu (ukucoca kunye nokususa ukungcola), imo (ukubumba iBarmac), kunye nobukhulu bee-particles (ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo).