Uphuhliso lwe-Alumina powder kwizixhobo zokuprinta ze-3D
Ukungena kwilebhu yeYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical, indawo yokuphilisa ukukhanyaIphrinta ye-3D Ingxolo incinci, kwaye umqadi welaser uhamba ngqo kwi-ceramic slurry. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, isiseko se-ceramic esinesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo njenge-maze sibonakala ngokupheleleyo - siza kusetyenziselwa ukuphosa ii-turbine blades zeenjini zeenqwelo-moya. UNjingalwazi uSu Haijun, ophethe le projekthi, wakhomba kwinxalenye ethambileyo waza wathi: “Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, besingenakuze sicinge nangokuchaneka okunjalo. Impumelelo ephambili ifihliwe kule alumina powder ingabonakaliyo.”
Kudala, iiseramikhi ze-alumina zazifana "nomfundi onengxaki" kwicandeloUkuprinta kwe-3D– amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukugquma okuhle, kodwa yakuba iprintiwe, yayineengxaki ezininzi. Phantsi kweenkqubo zemveli, umgubo we-alumina awunamanzi kwaye uhlala uvimba intloko yoshicilelo; izinga lokuncitshiswa ngexesha lokusila linokuba phezulu ukuya kwi-15%-20%, kwaye iindawo eziprintiweyo ngomzamo omkhulu ziya konakala kwaye ziqhekeke kwangoko nje ukuba zitshiswe; izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo? Kubaluleke ngakumbi. Iinjineli zikhathazekile: “Le nto ifana nomzobi onesibindi, oneengcinga ezingaqhelekanga kodwa izandla zakhe azinelanga.”
1. Ifomula yesiRashiya: Ukubeka "isikrweqe seseramikhi" kwii-aluminiyamuimatriksi
Inguqu yokuqala yavela kuguquko kuyilo lwezinto. Ngowama-2020, izazinzulu zezinto ezivela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yeSayensi neTekhnoloji (NUST MISIS) yaseRashiya zabhengeza itekhnoloji ephazamisayo. Endaweni yokuxuba nje umgubo we-aluminium oxide, bafaka umgubo we-aluminium ococekileyo kakhulu kwi-autoclave baza basebenzisa i-hydrothermal oxidation "ukukhulisa" umaleko wefilimu ye-aluminium oxide enobukhulu obulawulekayo kumphezulu wesuntswana nganye ye-aluminium, njengokubeka umaleko we-nano-level armor kwibhola ye-aluminium. Le powder "yesakhiwo se-core-shell" ibonisa ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngexesha lokuprinta kwe-laser 3D (iteknoloji ye-SLM): ubunzima buphezulu ngama-40% kunobo bezinto ze-aluminium ezicocekileyo, kwaye uzinzo lobushushu obuphezulu luphuculwe kakhulu, luhlangabezana ngokuthe ngqo neemfuno ze-airport-grade.
UNjingalwazi uAlexander Gromov, inkokheli yeprojekthi, wenza umzekelo ocacileyo: “Ngaphambili, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zazifana neesaladi – nganye yayiphethe ishishini layo; iipowder zethu zifana neesandwich – i-aluminium kunye ne-alumina zilumana umaleko ngomaleko, kwaye akukho nanye yazo enokuyenza ngaphandle kwenye.” Olu qhagamshelo luqinileyo luvumela le nto ukuba ibonise ubuchule bayo kwiindawo zeenjini zeenqwelo-moya kunye neefreyimu zomzimba ezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu, kwaye ide iqale ukuchasa ummandla wee-alloys ze-titanium.
2. Ubulumko baseTshayina: umlingo "wokuseta" iiseramikhi
Eyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu xa kuprintwa i-alumina ceramic kukuncipha kwe-sintering - khawucinge ukuba uxove ngononophelo umfanekiso wodongwe, uze unciphe ube mkhulu njengetapile xa nje ungena ehovini. Ubuya kudilika kangakanani? Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, iziphumo ezipapashwe liqela likaNjingalwazi uSu Haijun kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical kwiJournal of Materials Science & Technology zabangela ukuba eli shishini liqale: bafumana isiseko se-alumina ceramic esiphantse singanciphisi kakhulu ngesantya sokuncipha se-0.3% kuphela.
Imfihlo kukongezaumgubo wealuminiyamukuya kwi-alumina aze emva koko adlale "umlingo womoya" ochanekileyo.
Yongeza umgubo we-aluminiyam: Xuba i-15% yomgubo we-aluminiyam ocolekileyo kwi-ceramic slurry
Lawula umoya ojikeleze umhlaba: Sebenzisa ukhuseleko lwegesi ye-argon ekuqaleni kokusila ukuze uthintele umgubo we-aluminiyam ekungcoliseni
Ukutshintsha okukrelekrele: Xa ubushushu bunyuka bufikelela kwi-1400°C, ngequbuliso tshintsha umoya ube ngumoya
Ukuxinana kwendawo: Umgubo we-aluminiyam unyibilika ngoko nangoko ube ngamathontsi kwaye unyibilike ube yi-aluminiyam oxide, kwaye ukwanda komthamo kuthintela ukuxinana
3. Uguquko lwe-Binder: umgubo we-aluminiyam ujika ube “yiglu engabonakaliyo”
Ngelixa amaqela aseRashiya naseTshayina esebenza nzima ekuguquleni umgubo, enye indlela yobugcisa iye yavuthwa kancinci - kusetyenziswa umgubo we-aluminiyam njengesihlanganisi.Ukuprinta kwe-3DIzibopheleli ikakhulu zii-resin ze-organic, eziya kushiya imingxuma xa zitshisiwe ngexesha lokususa amafutha. Ilungelo lomenzi leqela lasekhaya lika-2023 lisebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo: ukwenza umgubo we-aluminiyam ube yi-binder esekwe emanzini47.
Ngexesha lokuprinta, umlomo utshiza ngokuchanekileyo "iglu" equlethe umgubo we-aluminiyam ongama-50-70% kumaleko womgubo we-aluminiyam oxide. Xa kufikwa kwinqanaba lokususa amafutha, i-vacuum iyatsalwa kwaye i-oksijini idlula kuyo, kwaye umgubo we-aluminiyam utshintshwa ube yi-aluminiyam oxide kwi-200-800°C. Uphawu lokwanda komthamo ongaphezulu kwama-20% luyivumela ukuba izalise iimbobo kwaye inciphise izinga lokuncipha ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-5%. "Kufana nokudiliza i-scaffolding kunye nokwakha udonga olutsha ngaxeshanye, uzalise imingxunya yakho!" injineli iyichaze ngolu hlobo.
4. Ubugcisa bee-particles: uloyiso lwe-spherical powder
"Imbonakalo" yomgubo we-alumina ngokungalindelekanga ibe sisitshixo sempumelelo - le mbonakalo ibhekisa kwimo yamasuntswana. Uphononongo olukwiphephancwadi i-"Open Ceramics" ngo-2024 luthelekise ukusebenza kwe-spherical kunye ne-irregular alumina powders kwi-fused deposition (CF³) printing5:
Umgubo ojikelezayo: ugeleza njengesanti ecolekileyo, izinga lokuzalisa lidlula i-60%, kwaye ukuprinta kuthambile kwaye kuthambile
Umgubo ongaqhelekanga: unamathele njengeswekile erhabaxa, i-viscosity iphezulu ngokuphindwe ngama-40, kwaye umlomo uvaliwe ukuze ungaqinisekanga ngobomi
Okungcono nangakumbi, uxinano lweendawo eziprintwe yi-spherical powder ludlula lula i-89% emva kokusila, kwaye ukugqitywa komphezulu kuhambelana ngqo nomgangatho. “Ngubani osasebenzisa i-powder “embi” ngoku? Ukufuma kukusebenza kakuhle ekulweni!” Ingcali yancuma yaza yagqiba kwelokuba5.
Ikamva: Iinkwenkwezi nolwandle zihlala kunye ezincinci nezintle
Uguquko lokuprinta lwe-3D lwe-alumina powder alupheli. Ishishini lezomkhosi likhokele ekusebenziseni ii-cores ze-shrinkage eziphantse zibe zero ukwenza ii-turbofan blades; intsimi ye-biomedical ithathe ingcinga yokuba ihambelana ne-biocompatibility yayo kwaye yaqala ukuprinta ii-implants zamathambo ezenzelwe wena; ishishini le-elektroniki lijolise kwi-substrates zokusasaza ubushushu - emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-thermal conductivity kunye ne-non-electric conductivity ye-alumina ayinakuthathelwa indawo.