Malunga nezinto ezingaphiliyo – iCerium Oxide
I-cerium oxideyinto engaphiliyo enefomyula yekhemikhali iCeO₂. Yimpuphu etyheli ekhanyayo okanye etyheli-mdaka enobunzima obuyi-7.13 g/cm₃ kunye nendawo yokunyibilika eyi-2397°C. Ayinyibiliki emanzini nakwi-alkali, kodwa inyibilika kancinci kwi-asidi. Kwi-2000°C kunye ne-15 MPa, i-cerium oxide ingancitshiswa nge-hydrogen ukuze ivelisei-cerium trioxide. Kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-2000°C kunye noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-5 MPa, i-cerium oxide inombala otyheli-obomvu, ngamanye amaxesha opinki. Isetyenziswa njengezinto zokupholisha, i-catalyst, i-catalyst carrier (isongezo), i-UV absorber, i-fuel cell electrolyte, i-automobile exhaust absorber, kunye ne-electronic ceramics.
Ukusetyenziswa
I-Oxidant. I-Catalyst yeempendulo zezinto eziphilayo. Umgangatho wesinyithi esingaqhelekanga somhlaba wohlalutyo lwentsimbi. Uhlalutyo lwe-Redox titration. Susa umbala kwiglasi. I-glass enamel yelanga. I-alloy engangeni bushushu.
Isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwishishini leglasi, njengezinto zokusila zeglasi yepleyiti, nakwizinto zokuthambisa njenge-UV inhibitor. Yandisiwe ukuze iquke iglasi yeglasi yamehlo epholishayo, iilensi ze-optical, kunye neetyhubhu ze-cathode ray, ezibonelela ngokutshintsha umbala, ukucaca, kunye nokufunxwa kwemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-electron.
Ⅱ. Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba
1. Umhlaba ongaqhelekangaIziphumo zokupholisha
Iipowder zokupolisha umhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zibonelela ngeenzuzo zesantya sokupolisha esikhawulezayo, umgangatho ophezulu wokugqiba, kunye nobomi obude benkonzo. Xa kuthelekiswa neepowder zokupolisha zemveli ze-iron oxide, zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye kulula ukuzisusa kwizinto ezingcolisayo.Iipowuda zokupholisha i-Cerium oxideIilensi zingapholisha iilensi ngomzuzu omnye, ngelixa iipowders zokupholisha i-iron oxide zingathatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Ke ngoko, iipowders zokupholisha umhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zibonelela ngeengenelo zomthamo ophantsi, isantya sokupholisha esikhawulezayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokupholisha. Zinokuphucula umgangatho wokupholisha kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Iipowders zokupholisha iglasi yomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zihlala zenziwe ngee-oxides ezityebileyo ze-cerium. I-Cerium oxide yinxalenye yokupholisha esebenza kakhulu kuba inokupholisha iglasi ngaxeshanye ngokubola kweekhemikhali kunye nokungqubana koomatshini. Iipowders zokupholisha i-cerium zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhamera zokupholisha, iilensi zekhamera yevidiyo, iityhubhu zemifanekiso kamabonwakude, iilensi zeglasi, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ilizwe lam linemizi-mveliso emininzi yepowder yokupholisha umhlaba engaqhelekanga, enomthamo wemveliso ongaphezulu kweshumi odlula iitoni ezili-100. I-Baotou Tianjiao Qingmei Rare Earth Polishing Powder Co., Ltd., i-Sino-foreign venture, yenye yezona mveliso zinkulu zepowder zokupholisha umhlaba engaqhelekanga kwilizwe lam, enomthamo wemveliso wonyaka weetoni ezili-1,200. Iimveliso zayo zithengiswa ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe.
2. Ukususa umbala kwiglasi
Zonke iiglasi zine-iron oxide, enokungeniswa kwiglasi ngezinto eziluhlaza, isanti, ilimestone, kunye ne-cullet kwi-glass batch. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezimbini: i-divalent iron, eguqula iglasi ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-trivalent iron, eyijika ibe mthubi. Ukutshintsha umbala kubandakanya ukunyibilikisa ii-ion ze-divalent iron zibe yi-trivalent iron, njengoko i-trivalent iron ine-1/10 kuphela yobukhulu be-divalent counterpart yayo. Emva koko kongezwa i-color corrector ukuze kuncitshiswe umbala ube luhlaza olukhanyayo.
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisetyenziselwa ukususwa kombala kwiglasi ngokuyintloko yi-cerium oxide kunye ne-neodymium oxide. Ii-Rare earth glass decolorizers zithatha indawo ye-white arsenic decolorizers zemveli, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa ziphepha ungcoliseko lwe-arsenic. I-Cerium oxide ineengenelo zokuzinza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokungafunxwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo ukuze kususwe umbala kwiglasi.
3.Umbala weglasi
Ii-ion zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zibonisa imibala ezinzileyo neqaqambileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiglasi ezahlukeneyo ezinemibala ngokuzongeza kulwelo. Ii-oxide zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-neodymium, i-praseodymium, i-erbium, kunye ne-cerium zimibala yeglasi ebalaseleyo. Xa iglasi ecacileyo enale mibala ifunxa ukukhanya okubonakalayo phakathi kwama-nanometer angama-400 nama-700, ibonisa imibala emihle. Ezi glasi ezinemibala zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izigqubuthelo zokukhanya ze-indicator zeenqwelo moya, ukuhamba, kunye nezithuthi ezahlukeneyo zothutho, kunye nemihombiso eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa obuphezulu.
Xa i-neodymium oxide yongezwa kwiglasi ye-soda-lime kunye ne-lead, ubunzulu bombala weglasi buxhomekeke kubukhulu, umxholo we-neodymium, kunye nobunzulu bomthombo wokukhanya. Iglasi encinci ibonakala ipinki ekhanyayo, ngelixa iglasi etyebileyo ibonakala imfusa-bluu. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-neodymium dichroism. I-Praseodymium oxide ivelisa uhlaza olufana ne-chromium. I-Erbium oxide, esetyenziswa kwiglasi ye-photochromic kunye neglasi yekristale, ivelisa umbala opinki. I-Cerium oxide edityaniswe ne-titanium dioxide idala umbala otyheli. I-Praseodymium oxide kunye ne-neodymium oxide zingasetyenziswa kwiglasi emnyama ye-praseodymium-neodymium.
4. Izicacisi zoMhlaba ezingaqhelekanga
I-Cerium oxide, endaweni ye-arsenic oxide yendabuko, isetyenziswa njengesicacisi seglasi ukususa amaqamza kunye nezinto ezibonisa umbala. Oku kusebenza ngakumbi ekuveliseni iibhotile zeglasi ezingenambala, nto leyo ephumela kwiglasi emhlophe njengekristale ecacileyo kakhulu, amandla eglasi aphuculweyo, kunye nokumelana nobushushu okuphuculweyo. Ikwasusa ungcoliseko lwe-arsenic kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwiglasi ngokwayo.
Ukongeza,i-cerium oxideinokongezwa kwiglasi yemihla ngemihla, njengeglasi yokwakha neyeemoto, kunye neglasi yekristale, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-UV. Olu setyenziso luye lwamkelwe kakhulu eJapan nase-United States. Ngokuphucuka kwemigangatho yokuphila kwilizwe lam, kulindeleke ukuba ifumane imakethi enamandla. I-Neodymium oxide, eyongezwe kwiglasi yetyhubhu ye-cathode ray, isusa ukusasazeka kokukhanya okubomvu kwaye iphucula ukucaca. Iiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezinezongezo ze-rare earth ziquka: iglasi ye-lanthanum, ene-refractive index ephezulu kunye nokusasazeka okuphantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iilensi ezahlukeneyo kunye neelensi zekhamera eziphambili kunye neekhamera, ngakumbi ezo zezixhobo zokufota eziphakamileyo; iglasi engangenisi mitha ye-cerium, esetyenziswa kwiglasi yeemoto kunye neglasi kamabonakude; kunye neglasi ye-neodymium, izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-laser ezinkulu, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ze-nucleus fusion ezilawulwayo.