Idayimani "eqoshwa" nge-laser: ukoyisa izinto ezinzima ngokukhanya
Idayimaniyeyona nto inzima kakhulu kwindalo, kodwa ayizizo nje izinto zokuhombisa. Le nto inomoya wokushisa ophindwe kahlanu kunethusi, inokumelana nobushushu obukhulu kunye nemitha, inokudlulisa ukukhanya, igqume, kwaye inokuguqulwa ibe yi-semiconductor. Nangona kunjalo, ngala "mandla angaphezulu" enza idayimani ibe yinto "enzima" ukuyicubungula - izixhobo zemveli azikwazi ukuyisika okanye ukuyishiya imingxunya. Kwakungekho de kwafika ubuchwepheshe be-laser apho abantu ekugqibeleni bafumana isitshixo sokoyisa lo "kumkani wezinto".
Kutheni idayimani "inokunqunyulwa" nge-laser?
Khawuthelekelele usebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa ukuze ugxile elangeni ukuze uvuthe iphepha. Umgaqo wokucubungula idayimani nge-laser uyafana, kodwa uchaneke ngakumbi. Xa umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukhanyisa idayimani, kwenzeka utshintsho olukhulu lwe-"carbon atom metamorphosis":
1. Idayimani ijika ibe yigrafiti: Amandla elaser atshintsha isakhiwo sedayimani esingaphezulu (sp³) sibe yigrafiti ethambileyo (sp²), kanye njengokuba idayimani “iwohloka” ngoko nangoko ibe yintsimbi yepensile.
2. I-Graphite “iyaphuma”: umaleko we-graphite uyanyibilika kubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukrolwa yi-oksijini, ushiya amanqaku achanekileyo okucubungula. 3. Impumelelo ephambili: iziphene Kwithiyori, idayimani egqibeleleyo inokucutshungulwa kuphela yi-ultraviolet laser (ubude begagasi <229 nm), kodwa eneneni, iidayimani zokwenziwa zihlala zineziphene ezincinci (ezifana nokungcola kunye nemida yeenkozo). Ezi ziphene zifana “nemingxuma” evumela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuqhelekileyo (532 nm) okanye i-infrared laser (1064 nm) ukuba kufakwe. Izazinzulu zinokude “ziyalele” i-laser ukuba ikrole ipateni ethile kwidayimani ngokulawula ukusasazwa kweziphene.
Uhlobo lwelaser: Ukuguquka ukusuka "kwisithando somlilo" ukuya "kwimela yomkhenkce"
Ukucubungula nge-laser kudibanisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwamanani ekhompyutha, iinkqubo ze-optical eziphambili, kunye nokubeka indawo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nangokuzenzekelayo ukwenza iziko lophando kunye nokucubungula imveliso. Isetyenziswa ekucubungulweni kwedayimani, inokufezekisa ukucubungula okusebenzayo nokuchanekileyo.
1. Ukucubungula nge-laser ye-microsecond Ububanzi be-pulse ye-laser ye-microsecond bubanzi kwaye buhlala bufanelekile ukucubungula okurhabaxa. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwetekhnoloji yokutshixa imode, ii-laser pulses zazikwi-microsecond kunye ne-nanosecond range. Okwangoku, zimbalwa iingxelo malunga nokucubungula idayimani ngqo ngee-laser ze-microsecond, kwaye uninzi lwazo lugxile kwicandelo lesicelo sokucubungula emva.
2. Ukucubungula nge-laser ye-nanosecond Ii-laser ze-nanosecond okwangoku zithatha isabelo esikhulu semarike kwaye zinezibonelelo zokuzinza okuhle, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokucubungula. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeshishini. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokukhupha i-laser ye-nanosecond iyayonakalisa isampuli ngobushushu, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwe-macroscopic kukuba ukucubungula kuvelisa indawo enkulu echaphazelekileyo bubushushu.
3. Ukucubungula nge-laser yePicosecond Ukucubungula nge-laser yePicosecond kuphakathi kwe-nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation kunye ne-femtosecond laser cold processing. Ubude be-pulse buncitshiswa kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa yindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu.
4. Ukulungiswa kwelaser yeFemtosecond Ubuchwepheshe belaser obukhawulezayo buzisa amathuba okulungiswa kwedayimani, kodwa iindleko eziphezulu kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwelaser yefemtosecond zithintela ukukhuthazwa kweendlela zokucubungula. Okwangoku, uninzi lophando olunxulumene noko lusekwinqanaba lelebhu.
Isiphelo
Ukususela “ekungakwazini ukusika” ukuya “ekuqongeni ngokuthanda”, iteknoloji yelaser yenzeidayimani ayisekho “ivase” evaleleke kwilebhu. Ngokuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe, kwixesha elizayo sinokubona: iitships zedayimani ezichitha ubushushu kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha ze-quantum ezisebenzisa iidayimani ukugcina ulwazi, kwanee-biosensors zedayimani ezifakwe emzimbeni womntu… Lo mdaniso wokukhanya needayimani utshintsha ubomi bethu.