Ukuphumelela kwe-alumina powder kwizinto zokuprinta ze-3D
Ukuhamba kwilabhoratri yeYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical, ukunyanga ukukhanyaUmshicileli we-3D iyantyiloza kancinane, kwaye i-laser beam ihamba ngokuchanekileyo kwi-ceramic slurry. Kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva koko, undoqo we-ceramic onesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esifana ne-maze uvezwa ngokupheleleyo - uya kusetyenziselwa ukuphosa amaphiko einjini yeenqwelomoya. Unjingalwazi uSu Haijun, owongamela lo msebenzi, walatha kwelo candelo licekethekileyo waza wathi: “Kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, sasingenabuganga bokucinga ngokuchaneka ngolo hlobo.
Kudala, iiseramikhi ze-alumina zazifana "nomfundi onengxaki" kwintsimi yeUshicilelo lwe-3D- amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukugquma okulungileyo, kodwa xa sele ishicilelwe, yaba neengxaki ezininzi. Ngaphantsi kweenkqubo zemveli, i-alumina powder ine-fluidity embi kwaye ihlala ivimba intloko yokushicilela; izinga le-shrinkage ngexesha le-sintering lingaba phezulu kwi-15% -20%, kwaye iindawo ezishicilelwe ngomzamo omkhulu ziya kuguqulwa kwaye ziqhekeke ngokukhawuleza xa zitshiswa; izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo? Kungaphezulu kobunewunewu. Iinjineli zixhalabile: “Le nto ifana negcisa eliqaqadekileyo, elineengcamango ezingalawulekiyo kodwa ezingenazandla ngokwaneleyo.”
1. Ifomula yesiRashiya: Ukubeka "isikrweqe se-ceramic" kwialuminiyamimatrix
Inguquko yokuqala yavela kwinguqu kuyilo lwezinto eziphathekayo. Kwi-2020, izazinzulu zezinto ezivela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji (NUST MISIS) yaseRashiya yabhengeza iteknoloji ephazamisayo. Esikhundleni sokuxuba nje i-aluminium oxide powder, babeka umgubo we-aluminium ococekileyo kwi-autoclave kwaye basebenzise i-hydrothermal oxidation "ukukhulisa" umaleko wefilimu ye-aluminiyam oxide enobunzima obunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kumphezulu wesuntswana ngalinye le-aluminium, njengokubeka umaleko we-nano-level isikrweqe kwibhola ye-aluminium. Le "core-shell structure" ipowder ibonisa ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngexesha loshicilelo lwe-laser 3D (iteknoloji ye-SLM): ubunzima bungaphezulu kwe-40% ngaphezu kwezinto ezicocekileyo ze-aluminium, kwaye ukuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu kuphuculwe kakhulu, ukuhlangabezana ngqo neemfuno zebakala le-aviation.
Unjingalwazi uAlexander Gromov, inkokeli yeprojekthi, wenza umzekeliso ocacileyo: “Kwixesha elidlulileyo, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zazifana neesaladi – nganye kuzo yayiphethe ishishini layo; umgubo wethu ufana neesandwich – ialuminiyam kunye ne-alumina zilumana umaleko, kwaye akukho nto inokuyenza ngaphandle komnye. Oku kudityaniswa komelele kuvumela imathiriyeli ukuba ibonise amandla ayo kumacandelo enjini yenqwelomoya kunye nezakhelo zomzimba ezikhanyayo, kwaye ide iqalise ukucela umngeni kumhlaba weealloyi zetitanium.
2. Ubulumko baseTshayina: umlingo "wokubeka" i-ceramics
Eyona ndawo ibuhlungu kakhulu yokuprintwa kwe-alumina ceramic yi-sintering shrinkage - khawucinge ukuba uxovule ngononophelo umfanekiso wodongwe, kwaye wancipha ukuya kubukhulu betapile ngokukhawuleza ukuba ungene kwi-oven. Iza kuwa kangakanani? Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, iziphumo ezipapashwe liqela likaNjingalwazi uSu Haijun kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical kwiJournal yeZizinto zeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji zaqalisa ishishini: bafumana phantse i-zero-shrinkage ye-alumina ceramic core kunye nereyithi yokuncipha ye-0.3% kuphela.
Imfihlelo kukongezai-aluminium powderkwi-alumina kwaye emva koko udlale “umlingo we-atmosphere” ochanekileyo.
Yongeza umgubo we-aluminium: Xuba i-15% yomgubo ocolekileyo we-aluminiyam kwi-ceramic slurry
Lawula umoya: Sebenzisa i-argon yokukhusela igesi ekuqaleni kwe-sintering ukukhusela i-aluminium powder kwi-oxidizing
Ukutshintsha okuhlakaniphile: Xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka liye kwi-1400 ° C, ngokukhawuleza utshintshe umoya emoyeni
I-in-situ oxidation: I-aluminium powder inyibilika ngoko nangoko ibe ngamathontsi kwaye i-oxidize kwi-aluminium oxide, kunye nokwandiswa kwevolumu kunciphisa ukucutha.
3. Ibhinder revolution: umgubo wealuminiyam ujika ube "yiglue engabonakaliyo"
Ngelixa amaqela aseRashiya kunye namaShayina asebenza nzima ekuguquleni umgubo, enye indlela yobugcisa iye yakhula ngokuthula - isebenzisa i-aluminium powder njenge-binder. I-ceramic yemveliUshicilelo lwe-3Dizibophelelo ubukhulu becala ziintlaka ze-organic, eziya kushiya imingxuma xa itshiswe ngexesha lokususwa kwegrisi. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi weqela lasekhaya lika-2023 lithatha indlela eyahlukileyo: ukwenza umgubo we-aluminiyam ube yi-binder-based binder47.
Ngexesha lokushicilela, i-nozzle itshiza ngokuchanekileyo "iglue" equkethe i-50-70% ye-aluminium powder kwi-aluminium oxide layer powder. Xa kuziwa kwinqanaba lokunciphisa, i-vacuum itsalwa kwaye i-oxygen idlula, kwaye i-aluminium powder ifakwe kwi-aluminium oxide kwi-200-800 ° C. Uphawu lokwandiswa komthamo ongaphezu kwama-20% luvumela ukuba luzalise ngokusebenzayo iipores kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokunciphisa ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-5%. "Kulingana nokudiliza isikafula kunye nokwakha udonga olutsha ngaxeshanye, ugcwalise imingxuma yakho!" injineli yachaza ngale ndlela.
4. Ubugcisa bamasuntswana: uloyiso lwempuphu engqukuva
"Ukubonakala" kwe-alumina powder kuye ngokungalindelekanga kube sisitshixo sokuphumelela - le mbonakalo ibhekisela kwi-particle shape. Uphononongo olukwijenali ethi “Open Ceramics” ngo-2024 luthelekisa ukusebenza komgubo we-alumina olungqukuva kunye nolungaqhelekanga kwi-fused deposition (CF³) printing5:
I-powder spherical: iqukuqela njengesanti ecocekileyo, izinga lokuzalisa lidlula i-60%, kwaye ukuprintwa kugudileyo kwaye kuthambile.
Umgubo ongaqhelekanga: ubambeke njengeswekile erhabaxa, i-viscosity iphezulu ngokuphindwe ngama-40, kwaye umlomo uvaliwe ukuthandabuza ubomi.
Ngcono nangakumbi, ukuxinana kwamalungu ashicilelwe ngumgubo ongqukuva ngokulula kudlula i-89% emva kokuntywila, kwaye umphezulu womphezulu udibana ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho. "Ngubani osasebenzisa umgubo "ombi" ngoku? I-Fluidity yindlela yokulwa! Lancuma igcisa lagqiba5.
Ikamva: Iinkwenkwezi kunye neelwandle zihlala kunye nezincinci kwaye zintle
I-3D yoshicilelo revolution ye-alumina powder isekude ukuphela. Ishishini lezomkhosi likhokele ekusebenziseni ii-cores shrinkage cores ezikufutshane-zero ukwenza iiblade ze-turbofan; intsimi ye-biomedical ithathe i-fancy kwi-biocompatibility yayo kwaye yaqala ukuprinta ukufakelwa kwamathambo okulungiselelwe; ishishini le-elektroniki lijolise kwii-substrates zokulahla ubushushu - emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-thermal conductivity kunye ne-non-electrical conductivity ye-alumina ayinakubuyiselwa.