Imarike ye-bauxite ibisoloko ithambile ukusukela oko yaphelelwa ngamandla kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo. Emva kukaDisemba, ikhephu kwiindawo ezisemantla lonyuse imiqathango kwimisebenzi yokwemba. Kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokusingqongileyo ngexesha lobushushu, ukunikezelwa kwe-ore yasekhaya ngokubanzi bekuncinci ngoDisemba. Ukwemba kunye nomthamo wokugcina kwiphondo laseShanxi naseHenan kubuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye imveliso ye-ore kulindeleke ukuba ihlale incinci kwinyanga elandela uSuku loNyaka oMtsha.
Nangona ukuhanjiswa kweore kumaphondo aseGuangxi naseGuizhou kungcono kancinci kunasemantla, akwanelanga ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zemveliso zeenkampani ze-alumina ezisezantsi. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ezinyeiinkampani ze-aluminaeGuizhou baqalise ukusebenzisa i-ore engeniswe kwamanye amazwe ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwezinto eziluhlaza.
Okwangoku, ukunikezelwa kwe-ore yasekhaya kusaphantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela kuxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko kwiinkampani ze-alumina, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezinye iinkampani zilungise amaxabiso okuthengwa kwe-ore ukususela ngoJanuwari. Ukusukela ngo-2026, amaxabiso e-ore yasekhaya abonakalise ukuhla, kodwa ukuhla kube kancinci kancinci. Uphuhliso olongezelelekileyo luya kuxhomekeka kutshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo emva koMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo kunye nokuba imigodi emisiwe iya kuqalisa na ukuvelisa. Iindlela zexabiso le-ore ziya kuhlala zidibene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zemarike ezisezantsi.
Ngokuphathelele i-ore engeniswe kwamanye amazwe, iinkampani zemigodi ezazimiswe ngaphambili eGuinea ziye zaqalisa ukusebenza kancinci kancinci, kwaye imveliso yazo kunye nomthamo wokuthumela uyaqhubeka nokuzinza, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kubekho ukwanda kokunikezelwa kwempahla kwixesha elizayo. Umthamo wokunikezelwa kwempahla eTurkey naseSierra Leone nawo uyanda. Xa ndijonga emva kunyaka ophelileyo, iTshayina ibinokunikezelwa okugqithisileyo malunga neetoni ezingama-20 ezigidi ze-ore engeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Okwangoku, amaxabiso e-ore aseGuinea ehlile, ehla ngaphantsi kwe-$70/ton emva koSuku loNyaka oMtsha. I-Australia sele iza kungena kwixesha layo lemvula, nto leyo enokuchaphazela imveliso yayo yemigodi; ukwanda kokunikezelwa kwempahla evela eGuinea kunokuhlawula naluphi na unciphiso olunokubakho oluvela e-Australia.
Lilonke, ngaphandle kweemeko ezingalindelekanga ngaphambi koMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo, amaxabiso e-bauxite kulindeleke ukuba ahlale ebuthathaka kodwa ezinzile. Uphuhliso olongezelelekileyo luya kuxhomekeka kumandla okubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye notshintsho kumaxabiso emarike asezantsi.
Ii-aluminaImarike kutshanje ibonisa iimpawu "zexesha elizayo eziqhuba amaxabiso angabonakaliyo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweemarike zexesha elizayo kunye neemarike zeendawo." Nangona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso exesha elizayo kwandisa iimvakalelo zabanini, iziseko zemarike yendawo zahlala zibuthathaka: ukunikezelwa kwemarike kwahlala kuninzi, kwaye iinkampani ze-aluminium ze-electrolytic, ezinoluhlu olwaneleyo lwezinto ezigciniweyo zangaphambili, zabonisa iinjongo zokuthenga ezibuthathaka. Oku kukhokelele ekungavisisani apho "abathengisi benyusa amaxabiso ngokungalindelekanga, kodwa abathengi babengafuni ukwamkela," nto leyo ebangele ukuba ulwelo lube phantsi kwaye uxinzelelo luhle kumaxabiso.
Ngokwembono yokubonelela ngempahla kunye nemfuno, imeko yangoku yokuninzi ayitshintshanga. Nangona utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwimveliso ngoDisemba kunyaka ophelileyo, impembelelo kwimveliso iyonke yenyanga ibilinganiselwe kwaye ayizange ikwazi ukuguqula imeko yokubonelela ngempahla ekhululekileyo. Imarike ngokubanzi ikwimfazwe phakathi "kwezinto ezilungileyo zoqoqosho olukhulu kunye neenyani ezisisiseko ezimbi," ingenawo amandla okuqhuba amaxabiso, ngaloo ndlela igcina umkhwa oguquguqukayo kodwa ozinzileyo.
Ukujonga phambili, kusekho izicwangciso zokongezwa kwamandla amatsha eTshayina ngo-2026, kulindeleke ukuba amandla athile afumaneke kwi-intanethi kwikota yokuqala neyesibini, nto leyo eyonyusa uxinzelelo lokubonelela, kwaye inokukhokelela ekwehleni koxinzelelo kumaxabiso. Ukongeza, amandla amatsha akhutshwe kutshanje phesheya, kwaye imakethi yehlabathi ye-alumina ibonisa ukugqithisela kokunikezelwa ngaphezu kwemfuno. Ukungeniswa kwe-alumina kutshanje kube kukhulu, okubeka uxinzelelo kumaxabiso asekhaya, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba amanani okungenisa aqhubeke ephezulu ngoJanuwari.
Kwicala lemfuno, nangona amandla amatsha ekhutshwe kwimarike ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic, ukonyuka akwanelanga ukufunxa uxinzelelo lwangoku lwe-alumina, okwenza kube nzima ukubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yamaxabiso.
Ngowama-2025, ii-silicon carbide Imarike kulindeleke ukuba iqhubele phambili ngokuthe chu ngophuhliso lweshishini lokuvelisa, kodwa eli shishini libonisa umahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo. Njengezinto zemveli zokurhawuzelela, ukusebenza kwayo kwimarike kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nemfuno ephantsi. Imarike ye-black silicon carbide iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, itsalwa yimarike yezindlu ecothayo kunye nemfuno ebuthathaka evela kumashishini afana nee-refractories kunye nentsimbi. Iinkampani zijongene nobunzima bokusebenza, kunye nokumiswa ngokubanzi kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa, okubangela amazinga aphantsi okusebenza kwishishini. Imveliso yonyaka kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga neetoni ezingama-400,000-500,000.
Imarike ye-carbonide eluhlaza ye-silicon iqhuba kakuhle. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-abrasives nakwi-ceramics zobunjineli, kwaye umthamo wayo uhlala umalunga neetoni ezili-100,000. Ubonelelo, imfuno, kunye namaxabiso ahlala ezinzile kwiminyaka esixhenxe okanye esibhozo edlulileyo, nto leyo eba yinkxaso ebalulekileyo kushishino. Ngokwembono yeendleko, ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza ze-silicon carbide litshintshile kancinci ngama-yuan angama-50-100/ton. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeziphumo ezidibeneyo zemfuno eyahlukileyo kunye nezinto zeendleko, inqanaba lenzuzo iyonke kushishino lihlala liphantsi. Ngokuphathelele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwei-silicon carbidenjengezinto ezirhabaxa ngokubanzi ziye zehla kakhulu malunga nama-40% ngenxa yempembelelo yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso ze-silicon carbide kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana ne-photovoltaics kunye ne-semiconductors kuye kwasebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Eyona ngxaki iphambili elijongene nayo eli shishini ngoku kukungabikho kwezakhono zokuvelisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Amandla okuvelisa asekhaya kunye netekhnoloji kwi-silicon carbide ye-elektroniki iseneentsilelo ezinkulu. Ukujonga phambili ku-2026, eli shishini kufuneka lifune ngenkuthalo utshintsho, likhuthaze ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo neeyunivesithi kunye namaziko ophando, kwaye ligxile ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ezichanekileyo, ezikhethekileyo, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu ezongeziweyo ukuphucula ukhuphiswano kunye nenzuzo. Imibutho yeshishini inokukhokela iinkampani ukuba zihlengahlengise amaqhinga azo ngokuhlola kunye neengxoxo, ngokudibeneyo zikhuthaza ukwenziwa ngcono kunye nokuphuculwa kwesakhiwo seshishini.